CABS/ Clin Med: Regulation of respiration, respiratory drive/ PFT and ABG

Question 1

pH is determined by

Answer 1

H+ concentration

Question 2

Increased H+ =

Answer 2

acidosis

Question 3

Decreased H+ =

Answer 3

alkalosis

Question 4

pH = _____ / _____

Answer 4

HCO3- / pCO2

Question 5

What is the bloods pH

Answer 5

7.35 - 7.45

Question 6

pH of blood is determined/ balanced by

Answer 6

CO2 and HCO3- concentrations

Question 7

Henderson Hasleback equation

Answer 7

CO2 + H2O – H2CO3 – HCO3- + H+

Question 8

Typical PaCO2 =

Answer 8

40 mmHg

Question 9

Carbonic Acid is the combination of

Answer 9

CO2 and H2O

Question 10

Carbonic acid is a weak acid that readily

Answer 10

dissociates

Question 11

Bicarbonate is controlled by what organ

Answer 11

kidney

Question 12

Normal bicarb level =

Answer 12

24-26 mEq/L

Question 13

Low O2 =

Answer 13

hypoxia

Question 14

Insufficient O2 dissolved into plasma =

Answer 14

hypoxemia

Question 15

What two molecules are needed to survive

Answer 15

O2 and glucose

Question 16

Voluntary breathing =

Answer 16

talking, singing, laughing, breath holding, etc

Question 17

involuntary breathing =

Answer 17

CO2
H+
H2CO3 = carbonic acid
HCO3- = bicard
pO2 = partial pressure O2

Question 18

Chemoreceptors are

Answer 18

sensory cells that will trigger response based on chemical activation
centrally located in the medulla

Question 19

CO2 increases =

Answer 19

hypercapnia (pH becomes more acidic)

Question 20

CO2 drops =

Answer 20

hypocapnia (pH more alkalotic)

Question 21

Hypercapnia stimulates

Answer 21

respiration

Question 22

Hypocapnia inhibits

Answer 22

respiration

Question 23

As CO2 increased pH will

Answer 23

decrease

Question 24

When pH is decreased due to increased CO2 this will stimulate respiratory centers to

Answer 24

stimulate and blow off CO2 to return pH to normal

Question 25

When the pH is increased due to low CO2 the respiratory centers are

Answer 25

inhibited and will cause H+ to accumulate and pH to drop back to normal levels

Question 26

Chemoreceptors can be disrupted in pts with

Answer 26

chronic hypoxia

Question 27

Pneumotaxic center is found in the

Answer 27

pons

Question 28

Pneumotaxic center modifies

Answer 28

breathing rhythm that is set forth by the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups helps with inspiration/ expiration transition

Question 29

Pneumotaxic center receives input from

Answer 29

peripheral receptors

Question 30

Apneustic center modifies

Answer 30

breathing rhythm that is set forth by the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups primarily involved in inspiration

Question 31

Apneustic center receives input from

Answer 31

stretch receptors

Question 32

Apneustic center is found within the

Answer 32

pons

Question 33

Dorsal respiratory group primary control of

Answer 33

respiratory drive

Question 34

Dorsal respiratory group signals

Answer 34

the calm breathing muscles (diaphragm and external intercostals) to begin inspiration

Question 35

Typical driver; that influences respiratory rate =

Answer 35

CO2

Question 36

Ventral respiratory group is activated

Answer 36

during times of increased effort

Question 37

Ventral respiratory group controls

Answer 37

the rhythm of breathing assists with both inspiration and expiration

Question 38

DRG stimulates VRG to increase

Answer 38

frequency of ventilation

Question 39

Phrenic nerve is at what level in the spine

Answer 39

C3-C5

Question 40

intercostal nerves are at what level in the spine

Answer 40

T1-T11

Question 41

Baroreceptor will note increased ___ and cause vagal stimulation to _____

Answer 41

BP decrease

Question 42

Chemoreceptors will detect change in

Answer 42

CO2 (and O2, if low) and pH

Question 43

Carotid chemoreceptors will send respiratory stimuli to _____ via ______

Answer 43

medulla glossopharyngeal

Question 44

Aortic chemoreceptors will send respiratory stimuli to ____ via ____

Answer 44

medulla vagus

Question 45

Lung receptors will all send afferent stimuli to the ______ of the medulla

Answer 45

DRG dorsal respiratory group

Question 46

Irritant receptors react to

Answer 46

noxious stimuli and trigger cough reflex

Question 47

Irritant receptors are located on

Answer 47

the conducting airway epithelium

Question 48

Stretch receptors assist

Answer 48

with ventilatory rate/volume as the smooth muscles sense/ react to over inflation and deflation (will stopped continued inhalation to prevent barotrauma)

Question 49

Stretch receptors are located

Answer 49

within the pleura and bronchioles

Question 50

Herring Breuer reflex is

Answer 50

stimulation of stretch receptors activate vagus --> inhibition of the DRG, VRG --> stop inspiration and trigger expiration

Question 51

J-receptors sense

Answer 51

pulmonary capillary pressure

Question 52

J-receptors react to

Answer 52

pulmonary edema, shallow/rapid breathing

Question 53

Lung innervation: Parasympathetic causes

Answer 53

constriction of the airways

Question 54

Lung innervation: Sympathetic causes

Answer 54

relaxation of the airways

Question 55

FiO2 is

Answer 55

the setting on ventilators - how much O2 we are breathing in

Question 56

PaO2 =

Answer 56

partial pressure of O2 (pressure exerted by a gas within the confined container)

Question 57

Pressure in the pulmonary artery

Answer 57

40 mmHg

Question 58

Pressure in the pulmonary vein

Answer 58

100 mmHg

Question 59

Each hemoglobin can carry ___ O2 molecules

Answer 59

4

Question 60

Oxyhemoglobin will change the form of ______ to open the overall configuration

Answer 60

hemoglobin

Question 61

Left shift is called

Answer 61

Haldane effect

Question 62

Right shift is called

Answer 62

Bohr effect

Question 63

During a left shift the affinity for O2 will

Answer 63

increase

Question 64

During a right shift the affinity for O2 will

Answer 64

decrease

Question 65

ABG are

Answer 65

arterial blood gas

Question 66

ABG is gold standard test for evaluating

Answer 66

Acid-base balance oxygenation ventilation

Question 67

ABG indications

Answer 67

critically ill pts, respiratory conditions, metabolic disorders

Question 68

ABGs need to be done _____

Answer 68

ASAP sensitive to temp and time (must place on ice after draw)

Question 69

ABG alternative

Answer 69

VBG (venous blood gas)

Question 70

Thing you can't get from a VBG that you can from a ABG

Answer 70

O2 level

Question 71

pH abnormalities on cardio system: Acidosis can lead to

Answer 71

hyperkalemia decreased CO vasodilation - hypotension

Question 72

pH abnormalities on cardio system: Alkalosis can lead to

Answer 72

ventricular tachyarrhythmias SVT hypokalemia

Question 73

pH on pulm system: acidosis can lead to

Answer 73

tachypnea drop CO2

Question 74

pH on pulm system: alkalosis can lead to

Answer 74

low resp rate

Question 75

Metabolic acidosis means we are losing too much

Answer 75

bicarb

Question 76

Resp acidosis means we are retaining too much

Answer 76

CO2

Question 77

Resp alkalosis means we are losing too much

Answer 77

CO2

Question 78

Metabolic alkalosis means we are retaining too much

Answer 78

Bicarb

Question 79

The ROME criteria means

Answer 79

respiratory are opposite metabolic is equivalent