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Cancer Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

HER2

A
  • breast cancer, adenocarcinoma of ovary, stomach, lung, and salivary gland
  • aggressive
  • transmembrane tyrosine kinase glycoprotein
  • tx with trastuzumab
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2
Q

BCL-2

A

-oncogene that inhibits apoptosis
-follicular lymphomas
T(14;18) common

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3
Q

N-myc

A
  • proto-oncogene on chromosome 2

- associated with neuroblastomas

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4
Q

Ras

A

-results in increased cell response to GF

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5
Q

Sis

A
  • proto-oncogene encodes platelet derived GF

- overexpression= astrocytomas and osteosarcomas

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6
Q

Carcinoid Syndrome

A
  • caused by metastatic carcinoid tumor
  • liver common site
  • avoids first pass metabolism
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7
Q

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A

-ALL: most common pediatric malignancy, fever, fatigue, fallor, petechiae, bleeding, both contain TdT (antigen of lymphocyte precursors)
-T-ALL: large anterior mediastinal mass that compresses superior vena cava and esophagus, CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8
-B-ALL: 80% of cases, CD10, CD19, CD20
Common in pts with Down Syndrome

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8
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Gamma globulin peak on serum protein electrophoresis (M protein peak) (overproduced monoclonal immunoglobulin)

Anemia (weakness)

Lytic bone lesions- causes inc. IL1 and TNFa, IL1 activates osteoclasts, and inc. serum Ca

Renal Insufficiency

Bence Jones proteins in urine

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9
Q

Fas

A

Acts to initiate the extrinsic pathway to apoptosis (esp of auto reactive lymphocytes, which can lead to SLE).

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10
Q

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

A

Gastrin secreting tumors (gastromas) in small intestine or pancreas. Pts present with peptic ulcers (beyond duodenal bulb), abdominal pain/acid reflux, and diarrhea. Associated w/ multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

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11
Q

Anaplastic

A

Completely undifferentiated tumor cells. Often giant.

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12
Q

Sturge Weber

A
  • port wine stain
  • seizures
  • retardation
  • meninges has angiomatosis
  • cutaneous facial angiomas
  • skull may have tram track calcifications
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13
Q

Hemangioblastomas mean?

A

Von Hippel Lindau

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14
Q

Liver angiosarcoma associated with? (VAT)

A
  • vinyl chloride
  • arsenic
  • thorotrast (radiology dye)
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15
Q

Hamartoma

A

-benign tissue growth

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16
Q

Auer Rods

A

*highly suggest acute myelogenous leukemia t(15;17)

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17
Q

BRAF

A

Seen in most melanoma. Protein kinase mutation.

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18
Q

APC

A
  • tumor suppressor gene that regulates cell growth/adhesion

- found in pts with familial adenomatous polyposis and pts with sporadic colorectal carcinoma

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19
Q

Peutx Jeghers

A
  • hereditary intestinal polyposis syndrome
  • AD
  • benign harmartomatous polyps in GI tract
  • hyperpigmented macules on lips and mucosa
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20
Q

Metalloproteinases

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A
  • zinc containing enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix
  • involved in tumor invasion through basement membrane and connective tissue
21
Q

CA 19-9

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A

-tumor marker for pancreatic cancer

22
Q

CA 125

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A

-tumor marker for ovarian cancer

23
Q

Carcinoembryonic Antigen

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A

-tumor marker for GI cancer (ei colorectal)

24
Q

What growth factors are involved in angiogenesis?

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A

VEGF and fibroblast growth factor

25
What type of receptor is HER2/NEU?
Tyrosine Kinase Receptor
26
GFAP
Tumor marker for cells of glial origin.
27
Synaptophysin
Tumor marker for cells of neurons, neuroendocrine, and neuroectodermal tumors.
28
Cancers that are caused by JAK2 mutations.
1. Polycythemia Vera 2. Essential Thrombocytosis 3. Primary Myelofibrosis
29
Lynch Syndrome
Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer. Often associated with MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, or PMS1 mutations. Also can cause endometrial and ovarian cancer. AD
30
What type of cancer has cigar shaped cells?
-leiomyosarcoma
31
What causes cachexia in cancer patients?
- the cytokine effect | - TNFa (tumor necrosis factor, duh)
32
Trousseau's Syndrome
- migratory thrombophlebitis that should raise suspicion for cancer - hypercoagulability leading to migrating blood clot formation - don't confuse with Trousseau's sign which is hand spasms due to hypocalcemia
33
Neuroblastoma
- mean age 2 yrs - solid sheets of small cells (small, round, blue) - retroperitoneal mass, HTN, weight loss - inc. catecholamines in urine - N-myc amplification - associated with opsoclonus-myoclonus - most common extracranial neoplasm of children
34
Wilms Tumor
- children 2-4 - palpable flank mass - resembles primitive metanephric tissue - nephroblastoma
35
S100
Schwannoma
36
Risk factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma?
- alcohol use - tobacco - consumption of N-nitroso containing foods
37
Risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma?
- Barrett's esophagous - gastroesophageal reflux - obesity - tobacco
38
Follicular Lymphoma
- most common indolent non-hodgkin lymphoma in adults - B cell origin - painless waxing and waining lymphadenopathy - t(14;18) > bcl2 oncogene overexpression
39
Liver Angiosarcoma
-carcinogen related neoplasm composed of cells that express CD31, which is PECAM.
40
Tuberous Sclerosis
- causes kidney, liver, and pancreatic cysts - subependymal CNS hamartomas - AD - cutaneous angiofibromas - seizures are major complication
41
What cancers cause psammoma bodies?
- meningioma - papillary thyroid carcinoma - mesothelioma - papillary serous carcinoma of ovary and endometrium
42
Neoplastic Polyps
- villous adenomas are more likely to undergo malignant transformation than tubular adenomas - serrated polyps are also neoplastic - risk of malignancy inc. w/ size - V for villian
43
VIPoma
- inc. vasoactive intestinal polypeptide - associated with MEN1 - profuse nonbloody, non mucoid diarrhea - dehydration and electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis)
44
Paraganglioma
- may present as painless mass - all contain neurosecretory granules - chromogranin, synaphtophysin, neuron specific enolase positive
45
Cardiac Myxoma
- mesenchymal origin - most common primary cardiac tumor of adults - famous source of embolism - commonly in L atrium
46
Rhabdomyoma
- most frequent primary cardiac tumor of children | - associated with tuberous sclerosis
47
Hairy Cell Leukemia
- indolent B cell neoplasm - middle aged men - causes fibrosis and bone marrow failure -> dry tap - massive splenomegaly w/ spleen tip crossing midline - pancytopenia
48
Signet Ring
- feature of signet ring carcinoma - diffuse involvement of stomach wall due to loss of E-cadherin - cause leather-bottle stomach (linitis plastica) - 1 type of gastric adenocarcinoma

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