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Flashcards in cancer cells Deck (8)
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1
Q

characteristics of cancer cells

A

Anchorage Independent (grow when anchored or liquid)

Insensitive to pop density

replenished telomeric shortening

block apoptosis/ pass checkpoints

2
Q

How cancers spread

A

cancers leave tissue of origin, move thru blood stream, invade another tissue and grow (metastasis)

3
Q

What causes cancers

A

Environment- carcinogens, UV radiation, viruses

Hereditary factors- 10-20% of all cancers

4
Q

What are Proto-oncogenes/ oncogenes

A

proto- encode pro. that stim cell division, inhibit cell differentiation, halt death

5
Q

What are tumour suppressor genes

A

in normal cells encode pro. that inhibit cell division

6
Q

How are proto oncogenes converted to oncogenes

A

point mutation, gene amplification, chromosomal translocation, local DNA rearrangements, Insertional mutagenesis

7
Q

P53 + RB tumor suppressor genes

A

P53- regulates cell cycle and function, most frequently mutated (1/2 all cancers)

RB- if the gene mutated early in life ], the pro. is inactivated and results in development of retinoblastoma cancer

8
Q

Stepwise accumulation of mutations in oncogenes

A
  1. APC mutation- Early benign tumor
  2. KRAS mutation- intermediate benign tumor
  3. SMAD4 mutation- late benign tumor
  4. P53- localized cancer