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Therio scs RUSVM > Canine: Estrus and Breeding > Flashcards

Canine: Estrus and Breeding Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Which of these describes the canine estrrous cycle?

Seasonal

Non-seasonal

Polyestrus

Monoestrus

Induced ovulation

Spontaneous ovulation

A

Monoestrus

Non-seasonal

Spontaneous ovulation

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2
Q

What surrounds a bitch’s ovaries that must be accounted for when spaying her?

A

Adipose tissue

Don’t spay the fat

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3
Q

Puberty is defined as the ability of the hypothalamic neurons to produce sufficient ______.

A

GnRH

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4
Q

Smaller breed dogs go into puberty around

a. 2-6 months of age
b. 6-10 months of age
c. 10-14 months of age
d. 12-24 months of age

A

b. 6-10 months of age

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5
Q

Do larger breed dogs generally come into puberty earlier or later than small breed dogs?

A

Later

Great Dane - up to 18 months

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6
Q

Around what age do dogs reach maximum reproductive capability?

A

3 years

2nd, 3rd, or 4th estrus

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7
Q

Match the following lengths of time to the appropriate phase of the estrous cycle (one value is used more than once):

9 days

2 months

5 months

A

Anestrus: 5 months

Proestrus: 9 days

Estrus: 9 days

Diestrus: 2 months

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8
Q

In which stage of the cycle are bitches either pregnant or pseudopregant?

A

Diestrus

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9
Q

What stages of the cycle coincide with the follicular phase? Luteal phase?

A

Follicular phase: Proestrus + Estrus (18 days)

Luteal phase: Diestrus (2 months)

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10
Q

What is the time period from the beginning of one estrus to the beginning of the next estrus? What is the average duration?

A

Interestrus period

7 months

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11
Q

What effect does a shortened (<90 days) anestrus period have?

A

Decreased fertility

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12
Q

Which 2 breeds may have a shorter interestous period?

A

Rottweilers

German Shepherds

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13
Q

How many cells thick is the vaginal stratified squamous epithelium in anestrus? End of proestrus?

A

2-4 cells

20-40 cells

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14
Q

What are the exam components used to predict if a bitch is progressing and still in her fertile period?

A

Cytology

[Hormone]

Speculum examination

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15
Q

What do you need to avoid when performing a vaginal cytology?

A

Clitoral fossa

Clitoris

Urethral orifice

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16
Q

How should you direct your swab when performing a vaginal cytology?

a. Ventro-cranially
b. Dorso-cranially
c. Ventro-caudally
d. Dorso-caudally

A

b. Dorso-cranially

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17
Q

At which stage of the cycle are cells from a vaginal cytology fully cornified?

A

Estrus

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18
Q

At which stage of the cycle do cells from a vaginal cytology change from predominantly cornified to predominantly noncornified?

A

Diestrus

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19
Q

Which hormone dominates in proestrus?

A

Estrogen

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20
Q

T/F: During proestrus sex pheromones in vaginal secretions, anal sac secretions or urine attract males.

A

True

Attract males but not receptive

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21
Q

During which phase are the cells large and angular with small to no nuclei?

A

Proestrus

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22
Q

What is the shrinkage of cells called that can be observed in a sample from a bitch in estrus?

23
Q

Which hormones peak during estrus?

24
Q

Vaginal cytology in estrus will generally show ___% cornified and ___% anuclear cells?

25
At what P4 level does the LH surge occur?
2.0
26
At which phase does the uterus develop remarkable tone?
Diestrus
27
Mammary development depends on/reflects which hormone?
Prolactin
28
Stage?
Proestrus
29
Stage?
Diestrus
30
Stage?
Estrus
31
\_\_\_\_ peaks 24-47 hours into estrus and is caused by an ______ peak during proestrus.
LH Estrogen
32
What type of oocyte does a bitch ovulate and in which phase is it?
Primary occyte (2N) Prophase 1
33
In general, how long is a secondary occyte viable before becoming atretic if not fertilized?
3-4 days / 108 hours
34
Monitoring which hormone is the modern standard for breeding management? How often is it sampled?
Progesterone (P4) Every other day *Start 3-4 days after proestrus or when vaginal cornification is 50% superficial and 20% anucleated cells*
35
At which level of progesterone does ovuation begin? What is the level when it is complete?
5. 0 15. 0
36
A bitch should be bred _____ hours after ovulation for natural breeding.
24-72
37
A bitch should be bred _____ hours after ovulation for AI with chilled semen and ______ hours with frozen semen.
72-96 At least 96 hours
38
How long do embryos remain in the oviduct? What phase are they when they enter the uterus?
9-10 days Late morula or early blastocyst
39
For how long are spermatozoa alive in the genital tract of the bitch with natural cover?
6 days
40
T/F: Conception rates are higher and litter sizes larger with AI.
False, natural is more successful
41
What is more definitive for breeding management, progesterone or LH assays?
LH
42
Given these values, when did the LH peak occur?
Tuesday
43
Given these P4 values, when should this bitch be bred with frozen semen?
Monday
44
How many progressively motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa should a male have for breeding? What percent should have normal morphology? What percent should have normal motility?
200 x 10^6 80% 80%
45
Whentaking testicular measurements, what should you avoid including?
Epididymus
46
What are the 3 fractions of ejaculate?
Pre-sperm Sperm rich Prostatic portion
47
Which drugs can be given for prior to manual stimulation to assist in ejaculation?
**Oxytocin** *5IU SQ/IM 5-10min before* **Prostaglandin**/ PGF2a *0.1mg/kg SQ/IM 15 min before*
48
What's this?
Mavic Canine AI Catheter
49
What methods can be used for insemination with frozen semen?
Transcervical or surgical ## Footnote *To ensure semen in uterus*
50
T/F: Vaginal strictures are heritable.
False, developmental defect
51
Can a bitch with vaginal stricutres breed and birth normally?
No Will require AI (which may be difficult) and C-section
52
What is superfecundation?
When 2 males breed the same female during a single estrus
53
Can a bitch experience superfetation?
No ## Footnote *Where female may be bred and get pregnant and then go through another receptive period and get pregnant again (fetuses of diferent ages) - can occur in rodents*

Therio scs RUSVM (18 decks)

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