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Therio scs RUSVM > Swine > Flashcards

Swine Flashcards

1
Q

Which genetic line describes the sire?

A

Terminal line

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2
Q

What is the target number of piglets born alive per litter? What is the goal for % of stillbirths? Mummies?

A

10-12 piglets

Stillbirths <10%

Mummies <2%

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3
Q

How many piglets, ideally, should a sow produce per year?

A

19-20

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4
Q

What term descirbes an abormally small uterus and ulva?

A

Infantalism

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5
Q

What can a dorsally tipped vulva indicate?

A

Pseudohermaphrodite

Infertile

Inability to mate

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6
Q

How is the “vulva” of a male pseudohermaphrodite described?

A

“Fishhook” or “Sky tipped”

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7
Q

At what age and weight do pigs usually reach puberty?

A

5-8 months

200-250lbs

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8
Q

What are 3-4 things that can hasten the onset of puberty?

A

Movement/mixing of females

Lengthening the day (More light)

Introducing a boar (Boar effect)

Crossbreeding

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9
Q

T/F: When the outside temperatures are very cold puberty tends to be delayed.

A

False

Photoperiod and not temperature affects puberty

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10
Q

What is the most common method of hastening the onset of puberty?

A

Boar

Continuous exposure +/- direct contact with a smell mature male

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11
Q

When do pigs ovulate?

A

2/3 of the way through estrus (~36hours)

(24 hours after the LH peak)

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12
Q

Are gilts or sows in estrus for longer?

A

Sows

  • 48-72 hours*
  • Gilts= 36-48*
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13
Q

If you push down on a sow’s back and she runs away, what does this indicate?

A

Not in estrus

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14
Q

Why should you avoid ventilation during estrus detection with a boar?

A

Pheromones

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15
Q

How long after weaning will a sow go into estrus (i.e. the weaning-to-estrus-period)?

A

4-7 days

Piglets are weaned around 21 days of age

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16
Q

What is PG600 and what is it for?

A

PMSG + HCG

(FSH effect + LH effect)

Trying to get a gilt to go into heat/ synchronization

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17
Q

What is Altrenogest? How is it used?

A

Synthetic progesterone

Given in the part of feed (1lb of ration) for 14 days, then female will show signs of estrus 4-7 days after last dose

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18
Q

When is the CL in a sow fully formed?

A

Day 12

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19
Q

When should you deposit semen for AI?

A

Within 12 hours of ovulation

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20
Q

Sows and what other species have a CL-dependent pregnancy?

A

Goats

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21
Q

When does MRP occur?

A

Day 11-12

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22
Q

What part of the testicle is closest to the tail of the boar?

A

Tail of the epididymus

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23
Q

What part of the genital tract releases seminal plasma?

A

Vesicular glands

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24
Q

What part of the genital tract releases most of the gel fraction of ejaculate?

A

Bulbourethral glands

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25
What are the 3 methods of semen collection in the boar? Which method is preferred?
Artifical vagina Electro-ejaculator Gloved hand method - preferred
26
Approximately how many mL is the ejaculate of a boar?
250-500 mL
27
When do sows ovulate? a. At the beginning of estrus b. 1/2 through estrus c. 2/3 through estrus d. End of estrus
c. 2/3 through estrus
28
Which of these is not a factor that is evaluated re: boar sperm? a. Color b. Odor c. Motility of sperm d. Somatic cell count e. Concentration f. Sperm morphology
d. Somatic cell count
29
What is CASA?
Computer Automated Semen Analysis system
30
What is the most important thing to assess to re: boar sperm? How is it assessed?
Sperm concentration Spectophotometry or Hemacytometer
31
What is the minimum amount (%) of progressive motility of spem?
70%
32
Why should you not slap a sow to get up if she lies down during AI?
Inhibits the release of oxytocin and uterine contractions
33
How long does a normal service take in a pig? a. 1-2 min b. 2-5 min c. 5-10 min d. 10-20 min
c. 5-10 min ## Footnote *This is also how long AI will take (at least)*
34
How long is the length of gestation?
114 days (+/- 2)
35
How many embryos are needed by which day of pregnancy for the pregnancy ot continue?
4 embryos by day 11
36
When are fetuses immunocompetent?
Day 70-75
37
What behaviors indicate that a sow is close to parturition?
Restlessness Nest building Frequent urination Frequent defecation
38
What does it mean for a sow to be savage? What does this usually indicate?
Sow biting her young Pain
39
Farrowing usually takes between a. 1-2 hours b. 1-5 hours c. 5-10 hours d. 15 min
b. 1-5 hours
40
How long between piglets is acceptable?
15 minutes max
41
T/F: A piglet will 'claim' a nipple within 24 hours of birth.
True
42
What can you give to induce parturition? (class of drug + examples)
Prostaglandins Dinoprost tromethamine (Lutalyse) or Closprostanol (Estrumate) *Administered on day 112-113*
43
After inducing parturition, when will farrowing happen?
In 18-36 hours
44
What is the most common cause of porcine dystocia? What do you give when you see a dystocia caused by this? When is this treatment counterindicated?
Uterine inertia Adminster Oxytocin (IM q30 min) +/- calcium Do not give if there is an obstruction
45
T/F: During a c-section you typically incise the left uterine horn and remove the piglets from each horn via that incision.
False, usually incise both horns
46
What is the prognosis for a sow with a uterine prolapse?
Grave
47
For how long is it normal to see lochia postpartum?
1-5 days
48
When does fetal mineralization occur?
Day 35
49
What is the earliest day that prostaglandins are effective in sows? a. Day 6 b. Day 10 c. Day 12 d. Day 15
c. Day 12 * This is the only day that the CL is fully formed*
50
What occurs if the entire litter is mummified?
Pregnancy will progress to pseudopregnancy (\>114days)
51
What is the most common cause of infertility?
Hydrosalpinx ## Footnote *Due to adhesions, usually in older sows*
52
Which cause of infertility can be caused be estrus induction agents?
Cystic Ovarian Disease
53
Which of these infectious causes of infertility DOES NOT cause infertility due to direct disruption of spermatogenesis via localization within the parenchyma? a. Brucella b. Chamydia c. Leptospira d. Rubulavirus
c. Leptospira ## Footnote *Causes infertility in the sow*
54
What are the 2 means by which bacteria cause infertility?
When they are introduced into the repro tract during breeding or parturition When they cause septicemia (resulting in a loss of pregnancy and repro problems) or systemic illness (e.g. fever)
55
What is the most common infectious cause of porcine pregnancy loss?
Leptospirosis *L. pomona* most commonly
56
How long does the vaccine against lepto last? How long is post-infection immunity?
6 months 1 year
57
What ca be done to reduce the shedding of lepto?
Tetracyclines
58
What is the method for the control of *B. suis*?
Test and slaughter
59
*Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae* is carried on the _____ of many pigs and may not cause clinical signs. The clinical course depends on \_\_\_\_\_. Abortion occurs secondary to _____ and \_\_\_\_\_\_.
*Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae* is carried on the **_TONSILS_** of many pigs and may not cause clinical signs. The clinical course depends on **_STRESS_** . Abortion occurs secondary to **_FEVER_** and **_SEPTICEMIA_**.
60
What are the 2 forms of the arterivirus that causes infertility in sows?
Reproductive failure Post-weaning Respiratory Disease *PRRS (Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome)*
61
How is PRRS diagnosed?
Herd serology
62
What does porcine parvovirus cause?
SMEDI: Stillbirths Mummies Ealy Embryonic death Infetility *No maternal signs!*
63
What are the 2 most important vaccines the farmer must give his breeding pigs?
Lepto Parvo
64
Which herpes virus can cause encephalities, reproductive failure, and reduced litter size?
Pseudorabies (Aujesky's Virus)
65
How is pseudorabies eradicated from a herd? a. Vaccinate healthy, cull sick b. Isolate sick for 10-14 days c. Whole herd depopulation d. Let the disease run it's course, no new pigs in until clinical signs resolve in all pigs
c. Whole herd depopulation
66
Which reporable disease that can be transmitted by semen causes anorexia, cyanosis, fever, diarrhea, vomiting and abortions?
Hog Colera / Classical Swine Fever ## Footnote *Pestivirus*
67
If you notice sows on a farm exibiting signs of estrus, mammary development, and vaginal discharge what should you investigate in terms of their feed?
Look for moldy feed | (*Fusarium roseum* )
68
What toxin in *Fusarium roseum* causes implantation failure?
Zearalenone
69
What do you suspect is the cause of a late-term abortion in a sow that has cherry red tissues?
Carbon monoxide (220 ppm = toxic)

Therio scs RUSVM (18 decks)

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