Sheep and Goats

Question 1

How long does a buck have to remain with the does for a uniform kid crop? Is this method of breeding typical for meat or dairy farms?

Answer 1

32 days (1.5 cycles)

Meat

Question 2

At what percent of adult body weight do female goats enter the breeding herd? At what age (range) do they hit puberty?

Answer 2

60-70%

5-15 months (>60% adult body weight)

Question 3

How long is the estrous cycle of the ewe? Doe?

Answer 3

Ewe: 17 days

Doe: 21 days

Question 4

Both the ewe and the doe are short day breeders. Estrus and gestation last longer in the _____.

Answer 4

Doe

• 36 hour estrus, 150 day gestation*
• Ewe= 30 hrs, 147 days*

Question 5

Where is P4 produced in the ewe? Doe?

Answer 5

Ewe= placenta

Doe= CL

Question 6

Increasing darkness causes an increase in ______ from the _____ gland which the releases ____ from the _______ leading to a release of ____ from the _______.

Answer 6

Increasing darkness causes an increase in MELATONIN from the PINEAL gland which the releases GnRH from the HYPOTHALAMUS leading to a release of LH from the ADENOHYPOPHYSIS.

Question 7

Who is more vocal during estrus, the doe or the ewe?

Answer 7

Doe

Ewe requires male to detect heat

Question 8

What is the time period in the estrous cycle when the CL forms?

Answer 8

Metestrus

Question 9

What is “flushing”?

Answer 9

In the female: Increasing nutrient uptake 20-30% 2-3 weeks prior to breeding

In the male: 8 weeks prior to breeding (approx the length of spermatogenesis (50 days))

Question 10

How long can CIDRs be left in place? What hormone do they contain?

Answer 10

12-14 days

Progesterone

Question 11

T/F: MGA can be given using the instructions on the label to sheep and goats to synchronize estrus.

Answer 11

False, not labeled for sheep or goats

Question 12

What is the earliest sign of pregnancy that can be seen on ultrasound? When can placentomes be seen? When can skeletal structures be seen?

Answer 12

Vesicle (at day 18-20)

Placentomes: Day 35

Skeletal: Day 60

Question 13

What’s the best time for twin detection via ultrasound?

Answer 13

45-90 days

Question 14

What hormone is involved in the second stage of parturition when the cervix is stretched open?

Answer 14

Oxytocin

Question 15

A newborn lamb stands in ____ minute(s)/hour(s) and suckles in ____minute(s)/hour(s).

a. 30 minutes, 2 hours
b. 1 hour, 1.5 hours
c. 10 minutes, 1 hour

Answer 15

A newborn lamb stands in 30 minutes and suckles in 2 hours.

a. 30 minutes, 2 hours

Question 16

What is stage 3 of parturition?

Answer 16

Expulsion of placenta (usually in 2-4 hours)

Question 17

T/F: Most causes of abortion in sheep and goats are zoonotic.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Which condition, common in ewes, results when the cervix fails to completely dilate?

Answer 18

Ringwomb

Tx= C-section

Question 19

The estrous cycle in goats is 21 days, in sheep it is:

a. 15 days
b. 17 days
c. 21 days
d. 24 days

Answer 19

b. 17 days

Question 20

Are periparturient diseases generally more common in sheep or goats?

Answer 20

Sheep

Question 21

Why is pregnancy toxemia more of a risk the more fetuses are being carried?

Answer 21

Negative energy balance

More babies requrie more energy (180% more with twins, 240% with triplets, compared to singleton)

Not enough energy -> Lipases activate -> Break down fat -> Ketosis

Question 22

How is pregnancy toxemia treated?

Answer 22

Immediately and aggressively

Remove fetuses

IV glucose and 50% dextrose

PO propylene glycol

B vitamins (to stimulate appetite)

Transfaunation (glucose metabolism)

Question 23

Why can clovers cause vaginal prolapse?

Answer 23

Contain lots of estrogen

Question 24

What is the reservoir for Bluetongue virus?

Answer 24

Cattle

Question 25

T/F: An ewe that develops a vaginal prolapse is likely to have it occur again and culling should be considered.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

How many hours after parturition should the placenta be expelled?

Answer 26

6 hours

Question 27

Which of these is NOT a potential nutritional cause of infertility? Copper Iodine Magnesium Selenium

Answer 27

Magnesium

Question 28

What is the toxin in skunk cabbage (*Veratrum californicum)* and what does ingestion during pregnancy cause?

Answer 28

Alkaloid cyclopamine EED if early Cyclops if between day 12-14 Arthrogryposis

Question 29

What plant causes decreased spermatogenesis in rams?

Answer 29

Locoweed

Question 30

Are sheep or goats more senstive to estrogen-producing plant toxicity?

Answer 30

Sheep

Question 31

What is cloudburst?

Answer 31

Rush of fluid at expected parturition in a non-pregnant/pseudopregnant doe.

Question 32

What is given to treat pseudopregnancy?

Answer 32

PGF2a

Question 33

Which viral infectious cause of infertility does not cause disease in the dam? a. Bluetongue b. Akabane virus d. Cache valley disease

Answer 33

b. Akabane virus ## Footnote *Note: All the listed viruses cause infertility in sheep and goats*

Question 34

Which bacterial cause of infectious infertility DOES NOT cause disease in sheep and goats? a. *Chlamydophilia abortus* b*. Coxiella burnetti* c*. Brucella melitensis* d. *Brucella ovis* e. *Listeria monocytogenes*

Answer 34

d. *Brucella ovis* ## Footnote *Note: These are all bacterial causes of infertility in sheep and goats, remember Campylobacter is also one*

Question 35

What disease causes these clinical signs in addition to infertility?

Answer 35

Bluetongue

Question 36

What agent causes Hair Shaker Lamb disease?

Answer 36

Border Disease Virus (BVD)

Question 37

What virus causes outbreaks of arthrogryposis? ## Footnote *Hint: There is a vaccine for this virus*

Answer 37

Cache Valley Disease

Question 38

Are sheep, goats, or both affected by *B. melitensis*?

Answer 38

Goats *Remember Brucella is zoonotic*

Question 39

What is the most significant cause of abortion in sheep in North America?

Answer 39

* Campylobacter* * C. jejuni =* sporadic aborition * C. fetus fetus =* outbreaks if abortion * Sheep go to Camp*

Question 40

What causes enzootic abortion in ewes? Does it also cause abortion in does?

Answer 40

*Chlamydophilia abortus* Yes, more important cause of abortion in goats than sheep *Goats eat Clams*

Question 41

What bacterial cause of abortion in sheep and goats also causes pneumonia, keratoconjunctivitis, epididymitis, and polyarthritis?

Answer 41

*Chlamydia*

Question 42

What pestivirus affects small ruminants? a. Bluetongue b. Cache Valley c. Border disease d. Akabane

Answer 42

c. Border disease

Question 43

What cause of infectious infertility is associated with improperly stored silage and is treated with tetracyclines?

Answer 43

*Listeria monocytogenes*

Question 44

Which of these causes of infertility is NOT zoonotic? a. *Toxoplasma gondii* b. *Listeria monocytogenes* * c.* Cache Valley Virus d. *Chlamydophila abortus* * e. Campylobacter fetus fetus*

Answer 44

*c.* Cache Valley Virus

Question 45

What is a localized dilation of the spermatic vein resulting in a hard swelling in the cord called? What can this cause? Is it more common in the ram or buck?

Answer 45

Varicocele Infertility Ram

Question 46

What is a polled buck? What condition is passed by polled bucks?

Answer 46

A buck born without horns Intersex condition (= sterile)