Canine parasites Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
Internal parasites
A
roundworms
Hookworms
Whipworms
Tapeworms
Heartworms
2
Q
External parasites
A
- Fleas
- Ticks (Lyme Disease)
- Ear Mites
- Mange Mites
3
Q
Toxocara canis (what is it, where)
A
- roundworms
- in intestinal track and feces
4
Q
Toxocara canis: Stats
A
Estimated: 20% adult dogs, 98% puppies
5
Q
Adult dogs are often ____ in terms of toxocara Canis
A
asymptomatic
6
Q
Toxocara canis Potential sources of infection
A
- Ingestion of contaminated soil or dog feces
- Eating infected animals
- Transplacental
- transmammary
7
Q
Transplacental
A
- get the worms from the mother before being born
- worm larvae can be burrowed into the placental tissues and mammary glands
8
Q
Transmammary
A
9
Q
T/F Toxocara canis can be transmitted to humans?
A
Yes
10
Q
Adult dogs in lumen in intenstine, ——- migrate through ——— through development
A
Juveniles migrate through tissues
11
Q
Most pups infected with roundworms how?
A
Transplacentally: when encysted
larva in the mother reactivate and
migrate into the fetal pups.
12
Q
Pups can also be infected with roundworms
transmammary, how?
A
through milk of the mother
13
Q
start treating pups with roundworm when?
A
2 weeks old
(continue at 4, 5, 8 weeks)
14
Q
Average dog makes ____ g of feces per day
A
136g
15
Q
Dog with “light” infection may pass ___ eggs/g of feces
A
10,000
16
Q
Assume that ____ of dogs have a “light” infection
A
10%
17
Q
___ metric tons of feces per day
A
1300
18
Q
___ trillion eggs passed each day
A
13 trillion eggs
19
Q
Toxocara eggs are resistant to ___ and ___ and can survive ___ years in environmental conditions
A
- resist environment and chemicals
- 2-6 years
20
Q
Soem surveys show that ___% of yards and sandboxes were contaminated with roundworm eggs
A
7-31%
21
Q
Larva Migrans
(Viscera or Ocular)
A
Worms that travel around body and cause inflammation and damage
in hookworm family
22
Q
Ocular Larva Migrans
A
eye pain, visual problems
BLINDNESS
23
Q
Visceral Larva Migrans
A
- Symptoms: abdominal pain, cough,
fever, irritability, itchy skin,
shortness of breath, wheezing,
possible heart arrhythmias,
respiratory distress, myocarditis,
seizures
24
Q
Toxocara precautions
A
No way of ridding it
Prevention!
- reduce infection rate: treat infected animals
- Dispose of feces properly (either
through burning or garbage)
* Limit defecation in areas where
people (especially children) will be **
* Wash hands after playing outside,
especially before eating
* Don’t let your kids eat dirt!
25
In Madison, dogs are not allowed
on school grounds, beaches, or
public cemeteries, and only in
specifically labeled parks.
T/F
True
26
Hookworms: how do they work?
Attach to the intestine and "suck" blood
27
Hookworms eggs form and hatch where?
And then what?
- outside the body in warm, wet areas
- Infective hookworm larva may then be swallowed/penetrate trough skin and migrate to the intestine
28
Hookworms can cause:
anemia, especially in pups (can lead to death)
29
___ are the incidental "dead-end" host for the most common types of Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Humans
30
Migration of the Cutaneous Larva Migrans parasite in humans causes:
red, itchy dermatitis
31
In the case that Cutaneous Larva Migrans migrated in humans, hookworms do what?
they don't continue to mature and eventually die prolly a month later
32
Cutaneous Larva Migrans is often treated because
itching is severe and there is a risk of secondary bacterial infection with scratching
33
Whipworms
- AKA Trichuris vulpis
34
how common is Whipworms
Very: 1/7 dogs
35
Adult whipworms are tiny ___, not usually seen in ____
threads, stool
36
Whipworm eggs are somewhat susceptible to drying, but can remain alive how?
by being in moist soil for years, and is resistant to freezing
37
What are effective methods for killing whipworms in soil?
None
38
How to prevent exposure to whipworms?
Pick up feces in the yard daily
39
Restrict ____ from areas contaminated with whipworms
animals
40
What kind of parasite is tapeworms?
intestinal
41
what do tapeworm eggs look like in stool?
rice
42
commonly infected with tapeworms by what?
ingesting fleas - flea larvae ingested eggs
43
Echinococcus granulosis
another dog tapeworm
44
Hydatid cyst
larval stage with multiple
infective stages, each capable of
developing into an adult worm
45
Echinococcus granulosis: what is key?
prevention
46
Echinococcus granulosis: vaccination is being looked Into for ___ and ___
dogs and sheep
47
Echinococcus granulosis: don't feed dogs what/
internal organs of sheep
48
Expect to see symptoms of heart worms when?
What may they look like?
don't see until it's very bad
fainting spells, heart attacks
49
With heart worms, dogs may ___ much more quickly
tire
50
Heartworms are found where, and hosts include what?
- found worldwide
- hosts: coyotes, foxes, ...
51
Heart worm: which is better, treatment or prevention?
Prevention >>> treatment
52
Heartworm treatments
1. Most common: monthly pills (ivermectin)
2. Moxidectin: 12-month injection
53
How does preventative medication work for heart worms?
by killing larvae in bloodstream
54
Heartworms: limit to ___ as much as possible
Mosquitos
55
Why is treatment to kill adult heart worms dangerous and expensive?
◦ Treatment uses a form of arsenic to kill worms
◦ Dead worms must be broken down and cleared from the dog’s system
◦ Dead worms can obstruct the arteries
◦ Dead worms can cause shock
◦ Animal must be prevented from exercising following treatment
56
Which of these can we vaccinate against: Toxocara Canis (dog roundworm), Hookworms, heart worm, none of these
Heartworm
57
Which type of flea is most common?
cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis)
58
Sci name for cat flea?
Ctenocephalides felis
59
Fleas do what for reproduction?
suck blood
60
Only ___ fleas are the only parasitic stage
adult
61
fleas lay on animal, but many fall off into ____
environment
62
Many flea treatments only kill ___
adults
63
What is the big problem with fleas?
flea allergy dermatitis that causes many dogs to form allergic reactions to them
64
Fleas don't use ___ as host but will bite if there are no other hosts available
humans
65
Adult fleas cannot survive without ___.
But pupa can do what?
- blood meal
- pupa can hibernate
66
__ can stimulate maturation for fleas
Vibrations/heat
67
Flea larvae do not ____
suck blood
68
T/F: flea larval stages can survive winter.
T
69
T/F: Insect growth regulators or inhibitors are very helpful
T
70
Flea Treatments
1. ____ treatments of all pets, AND ____ (indoor and outdoor if possible)
2.
3. Repeat many times as more ___ cuz treatment may not ____ (esp. older methods)
4.
5. ___ and ___ treatment often even monthly
6. ___ is a new treatment ("beneficial nematodes")
1. Simultaneous treatments, AND environment
2. Limit contact with other animals
3. more hatch, may not kill eggs
4. Shamppos, dips, sprays
5. Topical and oral (careful with new breeds, either kill or prevent adult reproducing, some products have heart worm medication as well)
6. Interupt
71
Ticks: order name
Acari
72
All stages of ticks need ___ to develop
blood meal
73
Ticks locate meal by ___
responding to host CO2 or heat
74
Ticks' biggest problem
they carry other diseases: Lyme, others (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Ehrlichiosis, canine babesiosis, tick paralysis)
75
Sci name for Lyme disease
Borrelia burgdorgferi
76
Ticks caused by
spirochete bacteria, can infect humans and dogs
77
spirochete bacteria can infect who
humans and dogs
78
Lyme can cause
arthritis, heart muscle inflammation, fever, anorexia, enlarged lymph nodes, shifting-leg lameness
79
Lyme disease vaccines for ___, but currently available for ____
dogs, not for humans
80
Lyme treatable with ______, but hard
antibiotics
81
Primary stage for Lyme disease
- flu-like symptoms
- "bulls-eyes" rash about 3 weeks after infection (70-80% of cases)
82
Secondary stage of Lyme disease
- weeks to months after infection
- 2ndary rashes
- Numbness/tingling in extremities
- Abnormal heartbeat
- Arthritis
83
Tertiary stage of Lyme disease
(months to years after
infection)
◦ Neurologic complications
◦ Cognitive issues or affect the senses
◦ Fatigue
◦ Extreme arthritis
84
Ear mites infect ____ dogs and cats and cause _____
external ear canal, inflammation
85
Trait of ear mites, see what?
scratch ear and head frantically
86
Ear mites life cycle entirely in ___
ear
87
T/F: Ear mites are very contagious, if one pet has it, treat all pets in house
T
88
Mange mites are cause by the same kind of mites or different?
the same mite kinds
89
Some mange mites are transmittable to ___
Humans
90
With _____, no disease with mange mites
healthy immune system
