Horses

Question 1

Eohippus “drawn horse” (prehistoric)

Answer 1

• Earliest known ancestor of modern horse
• 15’’ tall at withers
• 4 padded toes in front and 3 behind
• browser; change in teeth

Question 2

Domesticated in where, when, type of animal, usage?

Answer 2

• In Near East
• Between 4500 and 2500 BC
• Food animal
• Work

Question 3

Equus caballus

Answer 3

present day horse

Question 4

World distribution (58 million, 2012)

Answer 4

• Other: 40%
• S America: 25%
• US: 15%
• China, Mexico: 10%

Question 5

History of horse

Answer 5

Early 1500’s
- Brought to US by Spanish conquistadors
- Uses: travel, field work, war mounts, mining, pony express, sport

Question 6

US Horse Industry: numbers by year, leading states?

Answer 6

Current horse numbers are 30% of highest head count 80 years ago
- 1915: 26 million head
- 1959: 3 million
- Today: 6.5 million

Leading States in number of horses
- TX, CA, FL, OK, KY
- WI ~14th

Question 7

WI Horse Industry: NASS

Answer 7

National Statistics Services
- 2017, 2012, 2017, 2022: 120k, 103k, 75k, 65k
Usage: fun, riding , breeding, <10% work
Big Econ impact

Question 8

-filly

Answer 8

Young female horse

Question 9

Colt

Answer 9

Young male horse

Question 10

Mare

Answer 10

Mature female horse

Question 11

Gelding

Answer 11

mature castrated male

Question 12

Foal

Answer 12

young horse of unknown gender

Question 13

Measured at ___

Answer 13

withers

Question 14

Measured by ____

Answer 14

Hands, 4 in/hand

Question 15

Draft horses

Answer 15

• 1500-2000lbs
• large, wide, muscular
• war, hauling, farm

Question 16

Light horses

Answer 16

• 850-1500lbs
• smaller, less muscular
• riding, driving, livestock handling

Question 17

Ponies

Answer 17

• less than 14.2 hands (58 inches)

Question 18

Miniature forses

Answer 18

• small sized
• max height: 32 inch
• smallest is 15 inches tall

Question 19

Donkey

Answer 19

“Ass/burro”
- close relative of house
- male = jack
- female = Jenny/Jennet

Question 20

Mule/Hinny

Answer 20

• offspring from donkey and horse
• reproductive sterile between mules and hinnys
• visual sexual traits appear normal between mules and hinnys

Question 21

Zebra crosses

Answer 21

• Zorse, zebonk

Question 22

Natural behavior

Answer 22

• flight response (prey)
• Herd animal

Question 23

Vision field

Answer 23

• monocular vision unto 215 degrees
  each eye index, can see different pics
  panoramic view

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Question 24

Hearing ears of horse

Answer 24

• Very keen sense of hearing
• used to locate activity
• Indicator of behavior of horse

Question 25

Gastrointestinal tract

Answer 25

Hindgut fermenter - 8-19 qts, small stomach (9%) -> monogastric - 28-36 qts, large cecum (15%), 4ft -> microbial fermentation

Question 26

Eating/grazing patterns

Answer 26

- continuous grazers and selective grazers (graze up to 80% of the time) - Eats ~ 1.5-2.5 5 of BW every day

Question 27

Reproduction

Answer 27

- seasonally polyestrous - Gestation length = 11 months - Weaning

Question 28

Care of the horse: Grooming

Answer 28

- hair coat, routine cleaning - check for problems XOXOOXOXOXXOXOO

Question 29

Care of the horse: Foot care

Answer 29

- Hoof can grow 1/4 inch per month - Trim feet every 8 weeks - Shoes: as needed for protection for show requirement

Question 30

Care of the horse: Vet

Answer 30

- Annual check up - Vaccination, parasite and heath care protocols

Question 31

Contagious Viral diseases

Answer 31

influenza, EHV, rabies

Question 32

Contagious bacterial disease

Answer 32

strangles

Question 33

Contagious Fungal disease

Answer 33

ringworm

Question 34

NON-Contagious Viral disease

Answer 34

Eastern/Western equine encephalomyelitis, West Nile virus, equine infection anemia

Question 35

NON-Contagious bacterial disease

Question 36

Internal parasites

Answer 36

- several worms - manure management - deworming protocol

Question 37

External parasites

Question 38

Breeds for racing

Answer 38

- Quarter horse: run fast - Thoroughbreds: run - Arabians: long distance, show - Standardbred: - lippizans (?)

Question 39

Color Breeds

Answer 39

- Appaloosa, pinto, paint, palomino, American Buckskin