Intro to Nutrition

Question 1

Digestion gives what?

Answer 1

(Heat), Maintenance, Growth, Reproduction, Lactation

Question 2

6 Basic Nutrients

Answer 2

Protein, Fats, Carbs, Vitamins, Minerals, Water

Question 3

how any important amino acids are there?

Answer 3

20-30

Question 4

How many essential amino acids are there?

Answer 4

10-12

Question 5

Define essential amino acids

Answer 5

must be supplied in diet

Question 6

Requirement for protein is listed as what?

Answer 6

”% crude protein”

Question 7

Which type of nutrient is important in young growing animals?

Answer 7

proteins

Question 8

Amino acids: nitrogen is present in what group?

Answer 8

in H2N group

Question 9

Are there such things as essential fats?

Answer 9

Yes, a few are essential dep on species

Question 10

What is an important delivery vehicle for fat-soluble vitamins?

Answer 10

fats

Question 11

Which will produce 2.25 times more energy than the other (per unit)? Fats or Carbs?

Answer 11

Fat

Question 12

Deficiency in fat can lead to what?

Answer 12

poor skin, hair loss, uncontrolled nervous responses, mortality

Question 13

Are there such things as essential carbs

Answer 13

none

Question 14

What is a common, cheap source of energy?

Answer 14

carbs

• corn, rice, wheat

Question 15

What is mostly indigestible?

Answer 15

many plant fibers

Question 16

Energy can be supplied by what?

Answer 16

fats, carbs, proteins

Question 17

What happens when protein is used for energy, rather than as protein (building muscle, …)

Answer 17

Some parts are excreted and some are used for energy, other parts are excreted and the rest is stored for later.

Question 18

If amino acids are not needed at the moment, what happens to them?

Answer 18

broken down further:
1. parts are used for energy (used ASAP/stored as fat).
2. part is excreted in urine (nitrogenous waste)

Question 19

Is it important to drink lots of water when on a high protein diet?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Calorie - energy needed to increase the temperature of 1mL of water by ___˚C

Answer 20

1˚C

Question 21

What is the problem of using protein as an energy source?

Answer 21

• kidneys: increases urea which kidneys would have to rid off of blood
• excess nitrogen (esp bad for dogs)
• cost

Question 22

“Problem” of use of fat for energy?

Answer 22

can lead to production of ketones (acidic) -> build up in blood

• may not getting enough of other essential nutrients

Question 23

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 23

A: epithelial tissue, eye sight
D: bones and teeth
E: antioxidant, normal reproduction
K: Blood clots

Question 24

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 24

• thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B6, B12, folic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin and Vitamin C

Question 25

Which vitamin can most animals able to produce>

Answer 25

Vitamin C

Question 26

Are minerals organic or inorganic?

Answer 26

inorganic

Question 27

Macro minerals

Answer 27

Ca, P, K, S, Na, Cl

Question 28

Trce minerals

Answer 28

Fe, I, F, Zn, Se, Cu, Mn, Mg, ...

Question 29

How do fish get their minerals?

Answer 29

absorb it from the water

Question 30

Functions of water

Answer 30

- shape and structure - transport: nutrients ans wastes - solvent for chemical reactions - heat regulation

Question 31

Deficiency symptoms of water

Answer 31

headaches, lethargy, mood changes, slow responses, dry nasal path, dry cracked lips, tired, confusion, hallucination

Question 32

Are humans monogastic?

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

Digestive tract of humans

Answer 33

- Mouth: mastication, saliva - Esophagus - Stomach (acid, enzymes, storage, mix) - Small intestine (absorption) - Pancrease - Liver (bile) - Large intestine (colon) (water resorption, microbial digest, absorb vitamin/salt/fatty acid, storage) - Rectum: store poop - Anus: poop

Question 34

is 40% protein normal?

Answer 34

High protein, lower energy, but not UNusual

Question 35

Why do marine animals need less energy than land species

Answer 35

- thermal control: don't need to spend much energy maintaining body temperature - streamlined movement: streamlined bodies of aquatic animals reduce resistance they encounter when moving through water -> more efficient movements and spend less energy - resistance of gravity: don't spend too much energy to support weight thx to bouyancy in water

Question 36

Adult fish only need what they will eat in about __ minutes, __ time(s) a day

Answer 36

5 minutes, once a day

Question 37

Juvenile fish one only need what they will eat in about __ minutes, __ time(s) a day

Answer 37

3 minutes, 3 times a day

Question 38

Live feed is necessary or not?

Answer 38

necessary for some species

Question 39

Concern sixth live feed?

Answer 39

can transmit diseases

Question 40

For first few days, fry will survive on nutrients from what?

Answer 40

their egg yolk

Question 41

After the few days period, fry need ___ as food. The two main sources are what?

Answer 41

microorganisms as food Main sources: infusoria, green water

Question 42

Can you make green water and infusoria?

Answer 42

Yes - use water from established tank - add a little lettuce, grass, boiled egg maybe, ... - wait a few days

Question 43

After the infusoria/green water period, fry can eat what?

Answer 43

naupalii (baby brine shrimp)

Question 44

Can you make naupalii?

Answer 44

- add brine strip eggs - add salt - add aeration - wait a couple days

Question 45

Besides from daphnia, what can you use?

Answer 45

daphnia

Question 46

Bes too raise fry in what?

Answer 46

big, established tank

Question 47

Godo to have some ___ to clean up

Answer 47

snails

Question 48

Generally, ___ should be removed from fry tank

Answer 48

parents