Capsule: Cardio Flashcards
(23 cards)
Ddx of systolic murmur
AS
PS
HOCM
ASD
TOF
MR
TR
VSD
Mitral valve prolapse
Coarctation of the aorta
Ddx of diastolic murmur
AR
Graham-Steel
MS
Austin-Flint
Patent ductus arteriosus
How are the precordial leads classified?
V1-2: Septal
V3-4: Anterior
V5-6: Lateral
What other leads would show changes in an anterolateral STEMI?
Maximal ST elevation in V3-6, I, aVL
Reciprocal ST depression in III + aVF
Immediate mx of STEMI
Cardiac monitor, MONAT, PCI +/- stent
What does MONAT stand for?
IV Diamorphine 5mg
IV Metoclopramide 10mg
High Flow O2 if low sats
Sublingual GTN spray
PO Aspirin 300mg
PO Ticagrelor 180mg
What are the NICE guidelines for the secondary prevention of MI?
Aspirin 75mg OD
Ticagrelor 90mg BD
Ramipril up to 10mg OD
Bisoprolol up to 10mg OD
Atorvastatin 80mg OD
Which coronary artery is the culprit vessel for each territory?
Anterior + Lateral - LAD
Lateral + Posterior - LCX
Inferior - RCA
What would shock and a new systolic murmur suggest post-MI?
Development of VSD
Which meds are CI in a shocked pt?
Beta blockers + thrombolysis
What is usually performed in pts prior to undergoing aortic valve replacement?
Trip to cathlab for a catheter coronary angiogram to establish any underlying ischaemia
Most common aetiology in young/old for AS
Young - Bicuspid
Older - Degenerative
What are the acute signs on CXR of pulm oedema?
The same as HF
How does mitral regurg often px?
Palps, SOB, fatigue
What are the clinical signs of MR?
Pansystolic murmur at the apex radiating to the axilla, displaced hyperdynamic apex, AF
What is mitral facies a/w?
Mitral Stenosis
Causes of sinus bradycardia (8)
Aerobic training, vagal stimulation, MI, beta blockers, hypothyroidism, hypothermia, raised ICP, infection
List three infections that cause bradycardia
Legionnaire’s disease, Lyme disease, typhoid fever
What is hypocalcaemia a/w?
Prolonged QT interval
What is the usual mode of death in HOCM?
Arrhythmia
Sx of HOCM
Asx OR
Angina
Dyspnoea
Syncope
Mx of HOCM
Beta blockers, CCBs, amiodarone - implantable defibrillator - surgery
What are CIs for thrombolysis?
AGAINST: aortic dissection, GI bleeding, allergic reaction prev, iatrogenic recent surgery, neuro stroke or malignancy, severe HTN, trauma
