Capsule: Clin Ix Flashcards
(18 cards)
HyperK ECG
Diminished p waves, prolonged PR, broad QRS, tall tented t waves
Which class of meds typically causes a hyperK?
ACEi therefore check U+Es a wk after starting to detect those that may be affected w renal impairment or marked hyperK
Which ix confirm the dx of ILD following a suspicious CXR?
Lung function tests show a restrictive picture and high res chest CT +/- biopsy
Causes of cavitating lung mass
Bacterial lung abscess, SCC, GPA and pulm infarct
Causes of lung abscess
Staph aureus, klebsiella, TB and anaerobic spp.
What causes surgical emphysema?
Any condition which can cause pneumothorax or pneumomediastinium
What are the five D’s of a Charcot joint?
Density
Destruction
Debris
Distension
Dislocation
What is likely to have caused extensive air in a soft tissue?
Infection w gas forming organism
Tx of gas gangrene
IV tazocin + clindamycin and surgical debridement
Caecal Volvulus
Presence of haustra
Sigmoid Volvulus
Coffee bean appearance and absence of haustra
The 3-6-9 rule
The normal bowel calibre: small bowel <3cm, large bowel and appendix <6cm, caecum <9cm
Where can volvulae coniventes be found?
Small bowel only
Acute Hep
A or E - spotty necrosis
Chronic Hep
B or C - peicemeal necrosis
Which hepatitis can go on to cause cirrhosis?
B or C
The major causes of cirrhosis
Micronodular: alcoholic and biliary tract disease
Macronodular: viral, Wilsons disease, A1AT def
Categorise anaemia w causes
Microcytic anaemia is associated with iron deficiency, chronic infection, lead poisoning, thalassemias, sideroblastic and haemoglobinopathies.
Normocytic anaemia is associated with malignancy, chronic disease, primary marrow disorders and haemoglobinopathies.
Macrocytic anaemia is associated with B12, folate deficiency, liver and alcohol disease, metabolic and marrow disorders and haemoglobinopathies.
