carbohydrates Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
saccharide or sugar
A
carbohydrates
2
Q
General formula of carbohydrates
A
Cn(H20)n
3
Q
CHO
A
aldehyde
4
Q
CH2OH
A
ketone
5
Q
In Filipino people they call it
A
aldose and ketose
6
Q
2 monosaccharides form together is called?
A
disaccharides
7
Q
2 to 10 monosaccharides
A
Oligosaccharides
8
Q
more than 10 monosaccharides
A
Polysaccharides
9
Q
1 glucose + 1 glucose is?
A
maltose
10
Q
glucose + fructose is?
A
sucrose
11
Q
glucose + galactose is?
A
lactose
12
Q
its gonna break down the components
A
hydrolysis
13
Q
light is going to the left
A
levorotatory light
14
Q
light is going to the right
A
dextrorotatory light
15
Q
All points do not coincide together
A
nonsuperimposable
16
Q
all points that coincide together
A
superimposable
17
Q
these 2 are both mirror images
A
superimposable and nonsuperimposable
18
Q
something that contains 4 different groups
A
chiral
19
Q
is chiral superimposable or nonsuperimposable?
A
nonsuperiposable
20
Q
an atom in a molecule that has 4 different groups
A
chiral center
21
Q
molecule whose mirror images are not superimposable
A
chiral molecule
22
Q
molecules whose mirror images is superimposable
A
achiral molecule
23
Q
does not contain 4 different groups
A
achiral
24
Q
If u see oxygen its automatically?
A
achiral
25
isomers that have the same molecular and structural formulas.
stereoisomers
26
2 types of stereoisomers
enantiomers and diastereomers
27
enantions means opposite
enantiomers
28
is stereoisomers superimposable or nonsuperimposable
nonsuperimposable
29
stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
diastereomers
30
a 2 dimensional structural notation for showing the spatial arrangement
fisher projection formula
31
RCHO is?
aldehyde
32
RCOR is?
ketone
33
lot of possibilities but only one partner
2n rule
34
a 2 dimensional structural notation that specifies the 3-dimensional structure
haworth projection
35
6 membered ring
pyranose
36
5 membered ring
furanose
37
If your monosaccharides will react to oxygen they are called?
acidic sugars
38
3 types of acidic sugars
aldonic acid, alduronic acid, aldaric acid
39
Weak oxidizing agent paired with sugar
glucuronic acid
40
Strong oxidizing agent paired with sugar
glucaric acid
41
uses weak oxidizing agent
Aldonic acid
42
uses enzymes
Alduronic acid
43
uses strong oxidizing agent
aldaric acid
44
where 2 sugars combined together
Glycoside formation
45
added of phosphorus
Phosphate formation
46
there's presence of amine combining in the sugar
Amino sugar formation
47
NH20 is combined with monosaccharides what will you produce?
Amino sugar
48
Reactions of monosaccharides
oxidize, alcohol, glycoside, phosphate, and amino sugar
49
a component of RNA and energy rich compounds such as ATP
D-Ribose
50
known as brain sugar or component of brain sugar
D-Galactose
51
A component of glycoproteins found in brain and nerve tissue
brain sugar
52
aka dextrose or blood sugar. The most abundant and most important from a human nutritional standpoint
d-glucose
53
the most important ketohexose. Used as a dietary sugar because it has fewer calories.
d-fructose
54
Also known as levulose and fruit sugar
d-fructose
55
sugar that produces sweetening agent
D-sorbitol
56
examples of disaccharides
sucrose and lactose
57
2 monosaccharides bonded together
glycosidic bond
58
malt sugar, common ingredient in baby foods, found in barley.
maltose
59
combination of 2 glucose will form?
maltose
60
maltose is what type of linkage?
alpha linkage
61
cellobiose is what type of linkage?
beta linkage
62
Glucose + glucose alpha linkages bond is called
maltose
63
Glucose + glucose beta linkages is called
cellobiose
64
known as milk sugar
lactose
65
2 monosaccharides combined to produce lactose is
glucose and galactose
66
people who can tolerate milk
lactose persistence
67
wala silay enzyme to breakdown lactase that is why mag lain ilang tiyan maong tawag nila
lactose intolerance
68
absence of enzyme needed for conversion of galactose to glucose
galactosemia
69
a-D-glucose + b-D-fructose combination of
sucrose
70
Your table sugar. The most abundant of all disaccharides
sucrose
71
Produces an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose
invert sugar
72
Used in jams and jellies
invert sugar
73
If sucrose is hydrolyzed it is called
invert sugar
74
is 600x sweeter than sucrose. Synthesized from sucrose
sucralose
75
an aspartame derivative. 7000x sweeter than sucrose
neotame
76
contains 2 to ten monosaccharides. Cannot be digested in the body
oligosaccharides
77
Two naturally occurring oligosaccharides
raffinose and stachyose
78
composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose
raffinose
79
composed of galactose, glucose, and fructose with additional galactose
stachyose
80
a toxin found in potato plant
solanine
81
the complex carbohydrates
Polysaccharides
82
Simple carbohydrates
monosaccharides and disaccharides
83
form of carbohydrate
polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and monosaccharides
84
1 type of monosaccharide monomer
Homopolysaccharide
85
2 different types of monomer
Heteropolysaccharide
86
a homopolysaccharide aka amylum
starch
87
found it fatty tissues
Glycogen
88
Reservoir of the glucose or preserved glucose
glycogen
89
plants storage
starch
90
human storage
glycogen
91
up to 1,000 glucose units
amylose
92
up to 100,000 glucose units
Amylopectin
93
up to 1,000,000 glucose units
Glycogen
94
to start glycogen from glucose
Glycogenesis
95
to breakdown glycogen to glucose
Glycogenolysis
96
the structural component found in plants
cellulose
97
the structural component found in exoskeletons animals
chitin
98
Acidic polysaccharides 2 types
Hyaluronic acid and heparin
99
Structural polysaccharides 2 types
cellulose and chitin
100
lubricants in the fluid of joints. Glassy effect in the eyes
Hyaluronic acid
101
blood anticoagulant. Used to avoid internal clotting
Heparin
102
Storage for polysaccharides 2 types
glycogen and starch
103
For the types of blood what sugar plays a part
oligosaccharides
104
the one that control blood sugars
insulin
105
will come out if there is too much sugar
insulin
106
will come out if there’s less sugar
glucagon
107
aka adrenaline. It helps u survive, fight or flight mode
epinephrine
108
subcutaneous, it is dependent on insulin.
type 1 diabetes
109
hereditary or life style basis. You have insulin but receptors are not responsive to insulin.
type 2 diabetes
110
the glucose polymers
amylose, amylopectin, and glycogen
111
monosaccharide that contains an aldehyde functional group
aldose
112
Monosaccharide that contains a ketone functional group.
ketose
113
When a molecule has more than one chiral carbon, each carbon can possibly be arranged in either the right-hand or left-hand form
2n rule
114
means “minus an oxygen”
deoxy
115
are diastereomers whose molecules differ only in the configuration at one chiral center.
Epimers
116
is the bond in a disaccharide resulting from the reaction between the hemiacetal carbon atom
glycosidic linkage
117
oligosaccharide molecules that are attached to the plasma membrane of red blood cells
Biochemical markers
118
an alternate name for a polysaccharide.
Glycan
119
straight-chain glucose polymer
amylose
120
branched glucose polymer
amylopectin
121
is the most abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide
cellulose
122
2nd most abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide
chitin
