proteins Flashcards by Erika Grace Briones Rosal

unbranched polymer in which the monomer units are amino acids.

proteins

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Is a peptide in which at least 40 amino acid residues are present.

proteins

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these are messengers

hormones

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it is the speed up reactions

enzymes

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the “antinnae”

cell receptors

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fight foreign invaders

antibodies

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allowing specific molecules to enter or
leave a cell

MEMBRANE CHANNELS

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is an amino acid in which the amino group

a-amino acid

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CLASSIFICATION OF AMINO ACIDS ACCORDING TO SIDE CHAIN POLARITY

nonpolar amino acid, polar neutral amino acid, polar acidic amino acid, polar basic amino acid

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an amino acid that contains one amino group, one carboxyl group, and a nonpolar side chain

nonpolar amino acid

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an amino acid that contains one amino group, one carboxyl group, and a side chain that is polar but neutral

polar neutral amino acid

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an amino acid that contains two amino groups and one carboxyl group, the second amino group being part of the side chain

polar basic amino acid

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an amino acid that contains one amino group and two carboxyl groups, the second carboxyl group being part of the side chain

polar acidic amino acid

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cysteine

Cys, C

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histidine

His, H

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isoleucine

Ile, I

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methionine

Met, M

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serine

Ser, S

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valine

Val, V

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alanine

Ala, A

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glycine

Gly, G

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leucine

Leu, L

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proline

Pro, P

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threonine

Thr, T

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arginine

Arg ,R

asparagine

Asn, N

aspartate

Asp, D

glutamate

Glu, E

glutamine

Gln, Q

phenylalanine

Phe, F

tyrosine

Tyr, Y

tryptophan

Trp, W

aspartate

Asx, B

glutamate

Glx, Z

lysine

Lys, K

hydrophobic side chain functional group

nonpolar amino acid

uncharged, non-ionic side chains

polar neutral amino acid

positively charged

polar basic amino acid

negatively charged

polar acidic amino acid

a standard amino acid needed for protein synthesis that must be obtained from dietary sources

ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

Synthesized by the body

NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

occurs in people who have a severe protein deficiency

KWASHIORKOR

children who developed this disorder are often older than children who develop marasmus

kwashiorkor

symptoms of kwashiorkor

inability to grow or gain weight, edema, stomach bulging

occurs more often in young children and babies. It leads to dehydration and weight loss

marasmus

starvation is a form of this disorder

marasmus

starvation is a form of this disorder

marasmus

symptoms of marasmus

weight loss, dehydration, stomach shrinkage

found in the cell walls of many bacteria

D-glutamic acid

found in earthworms

D-serine

one of the neurotransmitters in the brain

GABA

a constituent of the vitamin pantothenic acid

β-alanine

means double ion Is a molecule that has a positive charge on one atom

Zwitterion

the pH at which an amino acid exists primarily in its zwitterion form.

ISOELECTRIC POINT

a covalent bond (amide bond) between the carboxyl group of one amino acid

Peptide bond

an unbranched chain of amino acids, each joined to the next by a peptide bond

Peptide

types of peptide

DOPT: dipeptide oligopeptide polypeptide tripeptide

a compound containing two amino acids.

dipeptide

three amino acids joined together in a chain.

Tripeptide

refer to peptides with 10 to 20 amino acid residues.

Oligopeptide

long unbranched chain of amino acids, each joined to the next by a peptide bond.

Polypeptide

regulates uterine contraction and lactation, plays a role in stimulating the flow of milk in a nursing mother.

Oxytocin

regulates the excretion of water by the kidneys

Vasopressin

pain killers (pentapeptide):neurotransmitters or neuromodulators at many locations in the brain and spinal cord

Enkephalins

regulator of oxidation-reduction reaction

Glutathione

the strongest bond

Peptide bond

is a covalent bond between two sulfur.

Disulfide bond

result from the attraction of electronegative atoms in the protein molecule.

Hydrogen Bond

formed between groups which are positively and negatively charge.

Ionic bond

formed by amino acids like leucine, valine, phenylalanine

Hydrophobic bond

is a protein in which only one peptide chain is present.

monomeric protein

is a protein in which more than one peptide chain is present.

multimeric protein

a protein secondary structure in which a single protein chain adopts a shape

ALPHA HELIX

Protein whose molecules have an elongated shape

Fibrous

Protein whose molecules have peptide chains that are folded into spherical or globular shapes.

Globular

is a protein that is found associated with a membrane system of a cell.

MEMBRANEOUS

carries oxygen from the lungs to other organs and tissues

hemoglobin

carries iron from the liver to the bone marrow

transferrin

proteins Flashcards

(78 cards)