enzyme

Question 1

compound or biological polymer, usually a protein, that acts as a catalyst

Answer 1

enzymes

Question 2

Enzymes that require a metal ion cofactor are termed

Answer 2

metal-activated enzymes

Question 3

for which metal ions serve as prosthetic groups.

Answer 3

metalloenzymes

Question 4

is an enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation–reduction reaction.

Answer 4

OXIDOREDUCTASE

Question 5

is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group other than hydrogen

Answer 5

TRANSFERASES

Question 6

is an enzyme that catalyzes a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 6

HYDROLASE

Question 7

is an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of a group

Answer 7

LYASE

Question 8

an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization

Answer 8

ISOMERASE

Question 9

an enzyme that catalyzes the bonding together of two molecules

Answer 9

LIGASE

Question 10

the relatively small part of an enzyme’s structure. Usually a “crevicelike”

Answer 10

Enzyme Active Site

Question 11

the intermediate reaction species that is formed

Answer 11

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Question 12

only a substrate whose shape and chemical nature are complementary

Answer 12

Lock-and-Key Model

Question 13

is a result of the enzyme’s flexibility

Answer 13

Induced-Fit Model

Question 14

:the extent to which an enzyme’s activity is restricted to a specific substrate

Answer 14

Enzyme specificity

Question 15

is a microorganism that thrives in extreme environments

Answer 15

Extremophile

Question 16

is a microbial enzyme active at conditions

Answer 16

EXTREMOZYME

Question 17

a bacterium that can function in the highly acidic environment of the stomach

Answer 17

H. pylori

Question 18

a molecule closely resembling the substrate

Answer 18

competitive enzyme inhibitor

Question 19

a molecule that binds to a site on an enzyme

Answer 19

noncompetitive enzyme inhibitor

Question 20

a molecule that forms a covalent bond

Answer 20

irreversible enzyme inhibitor

Question 21

is an enzyme with two or more protein chains

Answer 21

Allosteric Enzymes

Question 22

an enzyme that catalyzes the breaking of peptide bonds

Answer 22

proteolytic enzyme

Question 23

is the inactive precursor of a proteolytic enzyme.

Answer 23

zymogen

Question 24

is an enzyme that is found primarily in skeletal and cardiac muscle

Answer 24

Creatine kinase

Question 25

an enzyme found in the liver, kidney, and pancreas

Answer 25

g-Glutamyl Transpeptidase

Question 26

enzyme involved in the interconversion of lactate and pyruvate.

Answer 26

Lactate Dehydrogenase

Question 27

enzyme that aids in the digestion of fat.

Answer 27

Lipase

Question 28

enzyme that aids in digestion by breaking down complex carbohydrates into simple sugars.

Answer 28

Amylase

Question 29

an enzyme composed only of protein

Answer 29

simple enzyme

Question 30

an enzyme that has a nonprotein

Answer 30

conjugated enzyme

Question 31

“browning reaction” caused by phenolase (or polyphenoloxidase)

Answer 31

OXIDOREDUCTASE

Question 32

enzyme will catalyze only one reaction

Answer 32

absolute specificity

Question 33

enzyme will act only on molecules that have a specific functional group

Answer 33

group specificity

Question 34

enzyme will act on a particular type of chemical bond

Answer 34

linkage specificity

Question 35

enzymes are specific to only one isomer

Answer 35

stereochemical specificity

Question 36

optimal growth at pH levels of 3.0 or below

Answer 36

acidophiles

Question 37

optimal growth at pH levels of 9.0 or above

Answer 37

alkaliphiles

Question 38

a salinity that exceeds 0.2 M NaCl needed for growth

Answer 38

halophiles

Question 39

a temperature between 80°C and 122°C needed to thrive

Answer 39

Hypothermophiles

Question 40

a temperature of 15°C or lower needed for growth

Answer 40

cryophiles

Question 41

a high hydrostatic pressure needed for growth

Answer 41

piezophiles

Question 42

what are the 3 types of enzyme inhibition

Answer 42

competitive, noncompetitive, irreversible enzyme inhibitor

Question 43

means “other,” and stereos, means “site or space.”

Answer 43

allo

Question 44

an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of peptide cross links between polysaccharide strands in bacterial cell walls.

Answer 44

Transpeptidase

Question 45

an enzyme which protects bacteria from penicillin.

Answer 45

Penicillinase

Question 46

onsidered a specific marker for liver disease

Answer 46

alanine aminotransferase

Question 47

For diagnosis of liver disease

Answer 47

Aspartate Aminotransferase