carbohydrates Flashcards
nutritionally important monosaccharides
hexoses
name 3 complex carbohydrates
glycogen
starches
fibre (cellulose)
hydrolysis of starch by amylase in saliva and pancreatic juice results in formation of dextrin’s then …
glucose
maltose
isomaltose
dietary starches (storage form of glucose in plants) can be classified as …
rapidly digested (high glycemic index)
slowly digested (lower glycemic index)
where does resistant starch occur
small amounts in the small intestine
what is the glycemic index?
the ranking of how a food affects blood glucose relative to an equivalent amount of carbohydrates from a reference food, like white bread
what is a glycemic load
compares the effect of typical portions of food on blood glucose
what is a glycemic response
measures how quickly and how high blood glucose levels rise after carbohydrate consumption
glucose and galactose are absorbed by …
sodium
which is dependant on active transport
fructose, and other monosaccharides and sugar alcohols by carrier-mediated ____ diffusion
passive
glucose that is not needed for energy can be stored as glycogen in what 2 areas?
muscles and liver
proteins can make what?
carbohydrates
how can glucose be made
by combining two 3-carbon molecules
carbohydrates prevents …
ketosis
what is ketosis
when an undesirably high level of ketones in the blood
