Carbohydrates Flashcards
(16 cards)
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are monomers made up of monosaccharides
How is glucose absorbed into the blood stream
Diffusion and active transport
Starch breaks down into glucose in animals (saliva and small intestine) by
Amylase
Monosaccharides
One single sugar sub unit such as glucose, fructose, galactose
Types based on structure
Pentose: 5 carbons atoms e.g ribose
Hexose: 6 carbon atoms e.g deoxyribose , glucose
Disaccharide
Two sugar sub units bound together such as maltose, lactose, sucrose
Sucrose( cane sugar): glucose + fructose
Lactose(milk sugar): glucose + galactose
Maltose(malt sugar): glucose + glucose
Polysaccharide
Multiple sugar subunits joined together in a chain or branched chain such as starch. Amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, cellulose
Structure of carbohydrates
Consists of six carbons, twelve hydrogen and six oxygen
C6 H12 O6
Properties of glucose
Hexose sugar is used in respiration to produce ATP
Can be found in alpha and beta glucose
Alpha glucose
Found within starch and glycogen
Beta glucose
Found within cellulose
Difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose
In alpha glucose the OH group of C1 is below the ring while in beta glucose the OH group of C1 is above the ring
In alpha glucose the HO/OH are on the same side while in beta glucose the HO/OH group are on different sides
Polysaccharide formation
It is the bonding of two or more monosaccharides in condensation reaction forming glycosidic bond and releasing water molecules
What is known as the oxygen bridge
1-4 glycosidic bond
Plant is a source for
Cellulose, amylose, amylopectin
Animal is a source for
Glycogen
Functions of carbohydrates
Used to produce energy in respiration ( glucose is the main substrate)
Energy storage ( starch , glycogen)
Structural function ( cellulose, exoskeletons)
Cell recognition (attached to lipids and proteins)
Intermediate chemicals during respiration (glucose is broken down into glyceraldehyde)
