Digestive System

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

Is the breaking down of food into smaller components, both mechanically and chemically

Question 2

Ingestion

Answer 2

The process of taking in food through the mouth

Question 3

Absorption

Answer 3

Is the process by which nutrients from digested food are taken into the bloodstream

Question 4

Peristalsis

Answer 4

It’s the wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Question 5

Egestion

Answer 5

Is the elimination of undigested food and waste from the body

Question 6

Nutrition

Answer 6

The process of obtaining and utilising food for growth, metabolism and repair

Question 7

Hydrolysis

Answer 7

It’s a chemical process that splits molecules by the addition of water

Question 8

Chyme

Answer 8

The semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach into the small intestine

Question 9

Digestive system

Answer 9

It consists of many organs where food is broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream or lymphatic system

Question 10

Oral cavity-mouth

Answer 10

Structure: incisors, canines, premolars, molars, salivary glands and muscular tongue
Function: the teeth slice and grind up food
Salivary glands produces mucin and amylase lubricants and starts breakdown of carbohydrates
Tongue manipulates the food into bolus

Question 11

Pharynx

Answer 11

Structure: muscle lined cavity
Function: muscles contracts when swallowing and pushes food to oesophagus

Question 12

Oesophagus

Answer 12

Structure: contains longitudinal and circular muscle groups, mucus membranes lines the tube
Function: muscles contracts and relaxes, pushing food bolus down by peristalsis
Mucus produces lubricates food bolus making it easier to push down food

Question 13

Stomach

Answer 13

Structure: contains longitudinal, oblique and circular muscle groups, walls lined with gastric pits
Functions: muscles contracts and relaxes, churning food up with stomach enzymes (pepsin and lipase) and HCL produced by glands in gastric pits

Question 14

Small intestine

Answer 14

Structure: duodenum, jejunum and ileum
Function: acidic chyme leaves the stomach into the small intestine
Bile from gall bladder and enzymes from pancreas feed into the duodenum via the ducts
Absorption takes place in jejunum and ileum

Question 15

Pancreas

Answer 15

Structure: specialised cells in clusters of acini of langerhans containing alpha and beta cells
Function: clusters of acini produce enzymes like trypsin, lipase and amylase to continue digestion
Beta cells produces insulin and allows liver and cells to take up blood glucose
Alpha cells produces glucagon and releases glucose from cells

Question 16

Gall bladder

Answer 16

Structure: green muscular bag
Function: it stores bile for release as chyme leaves the stomach

Question 17

Liver

Answer 17

Consists of hexagonal lobes packed with hepatocytes fed by haptic artery
Function: liver filters toxins and is able to store glucose as glycogen
Hepatocytes makes bile

Question 18

Large intestine

Answer 18

Structure: caecum-sac like entry to large intestines
Colon consists of ascending transverse and descending limbs which contains goblet cells
Function: regulates appetite by making vitamins B and K
Water is reabsorbed and goblet cells produces mucus

Question 19

Anus

Answer 19

Structure: contains an external sphincter muscle
Function: impulses are sent to the brain to voluntarily decide to open up the external sphincter muscle