carbohydrates <3 Flashcards
(24 cards)
what is a monosaccharide?
single, simple sugar building block
what do monoscarraides contain
2 hydroxyl groups
how do monosaccharides taste
sweet
how are monosaccarides classified?
depending on wether they contain an ALDEHYDE or KETONE group
whats the simplest monosaccharide
triose- 3 carbons
what do sugars contain
an aldehyde or ketone group plus 2 hydroxyl groups
aldehyde and ketone each contain —— group
carbonyl group C=O
in aldehydes the C is bonded to what?
one H and one C
in Ketones the C is bonded to?
two other C atoms
what is the simplest ALDOSE
GLYCERALDEHYDE
what is simplest KETONE
DIHYDROXYACCETONE (its chiral)
what is ketone group?
C=O
what is Aldose group
O=C-H
what do D and L stereoisomers refer to?
configuration of the asymmetric carbon furthest away from aldehyde or ketone group
tetroses and larger can cyclise but how?
through reaction of aldehyde or ketone group with hydroxyl group on another carbon atom of sugar
how can sugars link into chains?
all OH groups can react with OH groups on other sugar molecules –> sugar molecules can join to one another
what are the major storage polysaccharides? and what do they store
glycogen- store homoglycan
starch - plant cells mix of amylose and amylopectin
Dextran
name structural polysaccarides?
cellulose
glycogen
starch
glucocongugates
describe glycogen and key features
storage form of glucose I’m mammals
highest level in liver and muscle
large branched glucose polymer
linked in long chains through alpha 1,4 bond
starch
storage form of glucose in plants
2 polysaccharide forms; amlylose and amylopectin
cellulose
structural polysaccaride in plants
unbranched polymer
humans can not digest cellulose
fibrils insoluble in water
glucoconguagates
carbohydrate derivatives linked to other molecules
one or more carbohydrate chain covalently linked to peptide
what are proteoglycans?
complexes of proteins and glycosaminoglycans found in connective tissue
what are PEPTODGLYCANS
polysaccharide linked to small peptides
