metabolism and bioenergetics Flashcards
(25 cards)
define METABOLISM
entire network of chemical reactions by living cells
define METABOLITES
small intermediates in degradation of biosynthesis of bipolymers
define anabollic reactions
reactions that synthesise molecules
define catabolic reactions
reactions that degrade molecules
anabolic reactions are responsible for
responcible for the synthesis of compounds needed for cell growth and reproduction
what do anabolic reactions make
simple metabolites eg, amino acids
biosynthesis of larger molecules e.g., proteins
what do catabolic reactions do
carry out degradation of large molecules to liberate small molecules and energy
what do all cells carry out as part of normal metabolism
degradation reaction
what are amphibole reactions involved in
they’re involved in both anabolic and catabolic reactions
define autotrophs
use inorganic sources of the essential elements
define photoautotrophs
E by photosynthesis and main source of carbon is CO2
define chemoautotrophs
obtain E by oxidising inorganic molecules and utilising CO2 as carbon source
define hetrotrophs
animals like us need an inorganic carbon source such as glucose
define photohetrotrophs
photosynthetic organisms that require an organic compound as a carbon source
define chemophototrophs
non photosynthetic organisms, require organic molecules as a carbon source
is efficiency of energy transfer ever 100%
NO
what do energy carriers do?
accept and donate E examples being ATP and NADH
why is it hard to define start and finish?
often interconnected
what is a metabolic pathway?
a series of reactions where product of one becomes substrate of another
give an example of a linear reaction
biosynthesis of serine
give example of linear reaction
citric acid cycle
where may intermediates enter and leave
branch points
typically most cellular reactions would occur at moderate……….
temp, pressures,low reactant concentration and close to neutral PH
a reason for multiple steps in metabolic pathway
control of energy
