nucleotides and nucleic acid Flashcards
(30 cards)
name the two types of bases
Purines
Pyrimidines
name purines
adenine
guanine
name pyrimidines
cytesisne
thymine
uracil
key features of bases
heterocyclic
both unsaturated
have conjugated double bonds
planar- reason can absorb UV
A bond to T how
2 hydrogen bondd
C binds to G how
3 hydrogen bonds
what is a nucelSide
Sugar base
what is a nucleoside comprised of
ribose/deoxyribose
hetrocyclic base
what are neucleotides
phosphorylated derivatives of neucleosides
why do we have minor and major grooves
how the bases stack on top of each other
what is the distance of one complete turn
3.4nm
distance between one base pair
0.34nm
4 types of interaction that affect double helical interaction
stacking
hydrogen
hydrophobic
charge-charge
types of RNA
transfer TRNA
Messenger MRNA
Ribosomal RRNA
small RNA molecules
what is RRNA
integral part of ribosomes involved with gene expression
80% of total cellular DNA
what is TRNA
transfer RNA
carry activated amino acid to ribosome
15% total cellular DNA
MRNA INTRON
removed in RNA splicing
MRNA EXON
remains information which is carried in the MRNA to be translated into a protein sequence
what is chromatin
Edna plus proteins
package DNA into compact form
major protein of chromatin is
histones
how many histones are there
5
histone complexes are known as
nucleoSomes
define initiation
correct assembly of relevant proteins at specific site
define elongation
DNA replicates and strands grow
