carbs

Question 1

Function of carbs

Answer 1

provide energy
spare proteins to build tissue
normalize fat metabolism
provide fiber

Question 2

how do carbs normalize fat metabolism

Answer 2

need energy, ketones are produced.

Question 3

excess ketones condition called

Answer 3

ketoacidosis: acids in blood and urine

Question 4

glucose is stored as what

Answer 4

glycogen in liver (100g)

Question 5

plant food source of carbs

Answer 5

• cereal grains
• vegies
• fruits
• sugars
• milk

Question 6

other sources of carbs

Answer 6

enriched grains (nutrients that are lost during processing (vit B1, B2, B3, and iron) are added back)
whole grains (with bran, endosperm, and germ intact)

Question 7

Monosaccharides and sources

Answer 7

glucose, galactose, fructose
corn syrup, honey, lactose, fruits

Question 8

Disaccharides and sources

Answer 8

sucrose, maltose, lactose
milk (lac), starch digestion (mal), molasses, sugar cane, beets, maple syrup, candy

Question 9

Polysaccharides and sources

Answer 9

starch, glycogen, fiber
cereal grains, legumes

Question 10

reason behind lactose intolerance

Answer 10

insufficient lactase (digest lactose) -> bloating, diarrhea

Question 11

why is there no lactose intolerance to natural cheese

Answer 11

milk -> curd and whey (liquid where lactose goes).
so hard cheese has no lactose

Question 12

symptoms of carb deficiency

Answer 12

fatigue, weight loss

Question 13

glycogen -> glucose uses what hormone

Answer 13

glucagon

Question 14

dietary fiber (indigestible) functions

Answer 14

soft, bulky stool
>colon cancer risk
> glucose levels

Question 15

recommended fiber intake (<50 year olds)

Answer 15

Male: 38g/day
Female: 25g/day

Question 16

recommended fiber intake (>50 year olds)

Answer 16

Male: 30g/day
Female: 21g/day

Question 17

optimal fiber intake

Answer 17

20-35g/day (but american diet only has 11g so they’re cooked)
no more than 50g

Question 18

too much fiber can cause

Answer 18

flatulence (abdominal gas), diarrhea

Question 19

Water-soluble fibers

Answer 19

gums, mucilage, pectin, hemicellulose, algal polysaccharides

Question 20

where are gums and mucilages found

Answer 20

secretion of plants and seeds
oats, legumes, barley

Question 21

where is hemicellulose found

Answer 21

cell-wall plant (bran, whole grain)

Question 22

Water-soluble fiber functions

Answer 22

binds bile acids
lowers cholesterol

Question 23

Water-insoluble fibers

Answer 23

cellulose, some hemicellu-
lose, and lignins.

Question 24

cellulose is also known as

Answer 24

main dietary fiber
carb

Question 25

where is cellulose found

Answer 25

fruits, veggies, shell of seeds, grains

Question 26

where is lignins found

Answer 26

woody part of veggies (carrot, asparagus), seeds of strawberries not carb

Question 27

water insoluble fiber functions

Answer 27

prevent constipation excess -> hinder absorption of nutrients

Question 28

digestion/absorption of carbs

Answer 28

carbs -> simple sugar (glucose) before being oxidized in cells

Question 29

what happens when too much glycogen in body

Answer 29

converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue

Question 30

metabolism of glucose controlled by

Answer 30

insulin

Question 31

insulin secreted by

Answer 31

beta cells in islets of Langerhans (pancreas)

Question 32

what is normal blood glucose level

Answer 32

70-110 mg/ dl

Question 33

what is hyperglycemia

Answer 33

blood glucose over 126 mg/ dl

Question 34

what is hypoglycemia

Answer 34

blood glucose under 70 mg/ dl

Question 35

which hormone raises blood sugar

Answer 35

glucagon

Question 36

which hormone lowers blood sugar

Answer 36

insulin

Question 37

what percent of daily calories should be from carbs?

Answer 37

45–65%