water

Question 1

water is what percent of adult body weight

Answer 1

50-60%

Question 2

water is what percent of newborns body weight

Answer 2

75%

Question 3

intracellular fluid is what percent of total body fluid

Answer 3

65%

Question 4

extracellular fluid is what percent of total body fluid

Answer 4

35%

Question 5

interstitial is

Answer 5

fluid between cells

Question 6

interstitial fluid percent of extracellular fluid

Answer 6

26%

Question 7

intravascular fluid percent of extracellular fluid

Answer 7

9%
(blood)

Question 8

water function

Answer 8

1. component of all body tissues providing structure and form
2. solvent for nutrients and waste to transport them
3. component of blood plasma
   needed for hydrolysis and digestion
4. lubricates joints
5. absorbs shock
6. body temp

Question 9

daily fluid intake for adult (ingested)

Answer 9

1,500ml

Question 10

daily fluid intake for adult (foods)

Answer 10

700ml

Question 11

daily fluid intake for adult (oxidation)

Answer 11

200ml

Question 12

daily fluid intake for adult (total)

Answer 12

2,400ml

Question 13

fluid and electrolyte balance in body contributes to

Answer 13

homeostasis - water lost is replaces

Question 14

electrolytes are measured in

Answer 14

milliequivalents

Question 15

Sensible (noticeable)

Answer 15

water loss through urine

Question 16

Insensible (unnoticeable)

Answer 16

feces, perspiration, respiration

Question 17

how much water should be excreted through urine every day

Answer 17

500mL

Question 18

osmosis is movement of water from what to what

Answer 18

less concentrated fluid to more concentrated

Question 19

which electrolytes maintain water balance

Answer 19

Na, Cl, K

Question 20

main electrolyte for ICF

Answer 20

K

Question 21

main electrolyte for ECF

Answer 21

Na

Question 22

osmolarity means

Answer 22

number of particles in solution

Question 23

what happens when more electrolytes in ICF than ECF

Answer 23

cellular edema (water goes from ecf -> icf)
adrenal glands -> aldosterone -> absorbs Na -> water ICF to ECF -> relieve edema

Question 24

area at base of brain that regulates appetite and thirst

Answer 24

hypothalamus

Question 25

what happens when more electrolytes in ECF than ICF (vascular osmotic pressure)

Answer 25

water goes from ICF -> ECF hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete ADH to pee less

Question 26

1ml of water per

Answer 26

calorie in food

Question 27

water requirement per day

Answer 27

13 8-ounce glasses of fluid a dat

Question 28

factors to increase water requirement

Answer 28

youth, fever, diarrhea, perspiration, hyperthyroidism

Question 29

dehydration usually from

Answer 29

diarrhea, vomiting, bleeding, diabetes mellitus, diuretics

Question 30

symptoms of dehydration

Answer 30

low blood pressure, thirst, dry skin, fever, and mental disorientation.

Question 31

10% water loss

Answer 31

is serious

Question 32

20% water loss

Answer 32

can cause death

Question 33

stage 1 of heat illness is + symptoms

Answer 33

Heat fatigue: feelings of weakness, fatigue

Question 34

stage 2 of heat illness is + symptoms

Answer 34

Heat cramp: loss of sodium and potassium causes leg cramps and thirst

Question 35

stage 3 of heat illness is + symptoms

Answer 35

Heat exhaustion: thirst, dizziness, nausea, headache, and profuse sweating

Question 36

stage 4 of heat illness is + symptoms

Answer 36

Heat stroke: fever, brain and kidney damage, death

Question 37

what to do if stage 1 heat illness

Answer 37

go to a cool place, rest, and drink

Question 38

what to do if stage 2 heat illness

Answer 38

go to a cool place, rest, and drink fluids.

Question 39

what to do if stage 3 heat illness

Answer 39

sponge baths with cool water, 2-3 day rest, drink water

Question 40

what to do if stage 4 heat illness

Answer 40

call 911, put them in chilled water and send them to hospital

Question 41

excess water

Answer 41

edema, hypothyroidism, congestive heart failure, hypoproteinemia, infections, cancers, renal conditions

Question 42

blood plasma pH

Answer 42

7.35 to 7.45

Question 43

Intracellular fluid has a pH of

Answer 43

6.8

Question 44

urine pH

Answer 44

4.5-8

Question 45

organ maintaining pH balance

Answer 45

kidneys

Question 46

acidosis caused by

Answer 46

Renal failure, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, starvation, or severe diarrhea

Question 47

alkalosis caused by

Answer 47

loss of hydrochloric acid from severe vomiting or ingesting too much alkali (e.g, antacid tablets)

Question 48

normal buffer base to acid ratio

Answer 48

20:1

Question 49

Carbonic acid buffers

Answer 49

strong alkali

Question 50

sodium bicarbonate buffers

Answer 50

strong acids