Carbs - Chp. 15

Question 1

Carb formula

Answer 1

Cn(H2O)n

Question 2

Glucose + Fructose

Answer 2

Sucrose (table sugar)

Question 3

aldose

Answer 3

polyhydroxyl aldehyde

has an aldehyde group

Question 4

ketose

Answer 4

poyhydroxyl ketone

ketone

Question 5

Fructose is a

Answer 5

ketohexose

Question 6

non super imposable images

Answer 6

chiral

Question 7

carbon molecule is chiral if

Answer 7

it has at least one C atom bonded to four different atoms

Question 8

D or L enantiomers (of monosaccharides) are more commonly used by the body?

Answer 8

D

Question 9

most common Hexose

Answer 9

D-glucose (dextrose)

Question 10

when an isomer opens and then returns back to the cyclic structrue (more stable), potentially altering the location of the –OH group

Answer 10

mutarotation

Question 11

glucose + glucose =

Answer 11

maltose + h2o

Question 12

glucose + galactose =

Answer 12

lactose + h2o

Question 13

glucose + fructose =

Answer 13

sucrose + h2o

Question 14

connects monosaccharides

Answer 14

glycosidic bond

Question 15

Glycosidic bond is between 1 and 2 carbon so it cannnt form an open chain or be oxidized

(not a reducing sugar)

Answer 15

sucrose

Question 16

amylose

amylopectin

glycogen

cellulose

Answer 16

D-glucose polysaccharides

Question 17

starches can hydrolyze in water and acid to produce

Answer 17

dextrins

Question 18

contain several hydroxyl groups attached to a chain of three to eight carbon atoms

Answer 18

Monosaccharides

Question 19

the atoms are bonded in the same sequence but differ in the way they are arranged in space

Answer 19

stereoisomers

Question 20

stereoisomers cannot be superimposed, they are called

Answer 20

enantiomers

Question 21

places the most oxidized group at the top.
uses vertical lines for bonds that go back.
uses horizontal lines for bonds that go forward

Answer 21

Fischer projection

Question 22

are produced from the reaction of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group in the same molecule.

Answer 22

Haworth structures

Question 23

Alpha form (cyclic form)

Answer 23

OH is on the bttom

Question 24

Beta form (cyclic form of sugar)

Answer 24

OH is on the top

Question 25

``` a disaccharide also known as malt sugar. composed of two D-glucose molecules. obtained from the hydrolysis of starch. used in cereals, candies, and brewing. found in both the α and β forms. ```

Answer 25

Maltose

Question 26

Maltose

Answer 26

linked by an α-(1,4)-glycosidic bond

Question 27

disaccharide of β-D-galactose and α- or β-D-glucose

Answer 27

Lactose

Question 28

β-(1,4)-glycosidic bond

Answer 28

lactose

Question 29

has an α,β-(1,2)-glycosidic bond between carbon 1 of glucose and carbon 2 of fructose

Answer 29

Sucrose

Question 30

polysaccharide cellulose is composed of glucose units connected by ____ bonds

Answer 30

β-(1,4)-glycosidic

Question 31

composed of two kinds of polysaccharides: amylose and amylopectin

Answer 31

Starch

Question 32

Amylose bond?

Answer 32

α-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds in a continuous chain Polymer chains of amylose are coiled in a helical fashion.

Question 33

Amylopectin bonds?

Answer 33

alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6

Question 34

amylopectin bond

Answer 34

contains glucose molecules connected by α-(1,4)- and α-(1,6)-glycosidic bonds

Question 35

Starches hydrolyze easily in water and acid to give smaller saccharides, called dextrins, which then _____ to maltose and finally glucose

Answer 35

hydrolyze

Question 36

polymer of glucose that is stored in the liver and muscle of animals

Answer 36

Glycogen

Question 37

are joined by α-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds, with branches attached by α-(1,6)-glycosidic bonds that occur every 10–15 glucose units

Answer 37

Glycogen

Question 38

similar to amylopectin but more highly branched.

Answer 38

Glycogen

Question 39

is a polysaccharide of glucose units in unbranched chains with β-(1,4)-glycosidic bonds

Answer 39

Cellulose

Question 40

Cellulose cannot be digested by humans because humans cannot break down ___ bonds

Answer 40

β-(1,4)-glycosidic

Question 41

are a type of unbranched polysaccharide that consist of repeating disaccharide units

Answer 41

Glycosaminoglycans