CHp. 13 Flashcards
(29 cards)
1-propanol
propyl alcohol
2-propanol
isopropyl alcohol
-diol
denotes two -OH groups
-triol
denotes three -OH groups
benzene + -OH
phenol
1 carbon on a phenol is the carbon bonded to ____
the -OH
Ortho
1,2 position
meta
1,3 position
para
1,4 position
mercaptans
thiols
, thiols are named by adding thiol to the alkane name of the longest carbon chain and numbering the carbon chain from the end nearer the __ group
— SH
contains an — O — between two carbon groups that are alkyls or aromatic rings
ether
Because there is a large electronegativity difference between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the —OH group
the oxygen has a partially negative charge and
the hydrogen has a partially positive charge
hydrogen bonds form between the oxygen of one alcohol and hydrogen in the —OH group of another alcohol
The solubility of alcohols in water ____ with increasing number of carbons
decreases
Alcohols that have ___ carbons are soluble in water
1-3
Boiling point of alcohols and ethers ____ as the carbon chains get longer
increases
Ethers are not soluble in water if they have more than __ carbons
four
Phenols are ___ in water
slightly soluble (have an -OH group that can form hydrogen bonds)
the loss of —H and —OH from adjacent carbon atoms from the same alcohol, producing an ___ and a water molecule
(dehydration of alcohols)
alkene
The dehydration of a ___ alcohol can result in the formation of a minor product and a major product.
secondary
The major product is the one that forms by removing the hydrogen from the carbon atom that has the ___ number of hydrogen atoms
smaller
reactions increase the number of carbon–oxygen bonds by the addition of oxygen or a loss of hydrogen atoms
oxidation
reactions reduce the number of bonds between carbon and oxygen atoms
reduction
Primary alcohols are oxidized to produce an
aldehyde
