CHp. 16

Question 1

In the IUPAC names of carboxylic acids,

Answer 1

the e in the alkane name is replaced with oic acid

Question 2

Many carboxylic acids are still named by their common names, which use prefixes:

Answer 2

form, acet, propion, butyr

Question 3

methanoic acid

Answer 3

formic acid

Question 4

ethanoic acid

Answer 4

acetic acid

Question 5

can be prepared from primary alcohols or aldehydes

Answer 5

Carboxylic acids

Question 6

can be produced from the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes and then to carboxylic acids

Answer 6

Carboxylic acids

Question 7

are naturally occurring carboxylic acids with a hydroxyl group on the carbon atom that is adjacent to the carboxyl group

Answer 7

Alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)

Question 8

Carboxylic acids are strongly polar because they have two polar groups

Answer 8

a hydroxyl group (—OH) and

a carbonyl group (C = O).

Question 9

The polar carboxyl groups allow carboxylic acids to form ____ bonds with other carboxylic acid molecules.

Answer 9

multiple hydrogen

Question 10

The higher boiling points of carboxylic acids can also be attributed to the formation of ___ between two carboxylic acids

Answer 10

dimers

Question 11

Boiling points increase due to

Answer 11

increased formation of hydrogen bonds.

increased dipole–dipole attractions

increasing molar mass

Question 12

Boiling points increase due to

Answer 12

increased formation of hydrogen bonds.

increased dipole–dipole attractions

increasing molar mass

Question 13

Carboxylic acids with ____ carbon atoms are soluble in water

Answer 13

1-5

solubility decreases with number of carbons

Question 14

Carboxylic acids dissociate in water to produce ____ ions

Answer 14

carboxylate ions and hydronium

Question 15

synthesized from the reaction of a carboxylic acid and alcohol

Answer 15

Ester

Question 16

the reaction of a carboxylic acid and alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst and heat to produce an ester

Answer 16

Esterification

Question 17

the replacement of the hydrogen atom in the carboxylic acid —OH group with an alkyl group from an alcohol

Answer 17

Esterification

Question 18

The name of an ester consists of two words

Answer 18

1. The first word indicates the alkyl part from the alcohol.

2. The second word is the carboxylate name of the carboxylic acid

Question 19

Esters have boiling points ____ than those of alkanes and ethers

Answer 19

higher

Question 20

Esters have boiling points ___ than those of alcohols and carboxylic acids of similar mass

Answer 20

lower

Question 21

Because ester molecules do not have ____, they cannot hydrogen bond to each other

Answer 21

hydroxyl groups

Question 22

Esters are soluble if they have two to five carbon atoms. As the number of carbons increases from five, their solubility in water ___

Answer 22

decreases

Question 23

The partially negative oxygen of the ____ group forms hydrogen bonds with the partially positive hydrogen atoms of water molecules.

Answer 23

carbonyl

Question 24

an ester reacts with water to produce a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

an acid catalyst and heat are required

Answer 24

acid hydrolysis

opposite of esterification