Cardiac Disease Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is the definition of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)?
CVD is a general term for conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels
It is also associated with damage to the arteries of the brain, kidneys, and eyes.
What are the types of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)?
- Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
- Cerebral Vascular Accidents (CVA)
- Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA’s)
- Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
- Aortic Disease
What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
(Ischaemic heart disease)
A disease where the coronary arteries are blocked or narrowed
Sometimes called ischaemic heart disease or coronary artery disease.
What is a myocardial infarction (MI)?
MI is when the blood supplying the oxygen to the heart is severely reduced or cut off, leading to ischaemia of the heart muscle and scar formation.
What are common symptoms of CHD?
- Pain, discomfort, pressure in chest
- Dizziness
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue or weakness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Sweating or clammy skin
- Rapid heart rate
- Palpitations
What are the types of angina?
- Stable (angina pectoris)
- Unstable
- Variant (Prinzmetal)
- Microvascular (Cardiac Syndrome X)
What are the treatment options for angina?
- Medications (e.g. nitrates, anticoagulants)
- Lifestyle changes
- Surgery (e.g. angioplasty, CABG)
What are the symptoms of heart valve disease?
- Shortness of breath
- Ankle/feet swelling
- Fatigue
What are the causes of heart valve disease?
- Congenital heart disease
- Rheumatic fever
- Cardiomyopathy
- Myocardial infarction (MI)
- Endocarditis
- Aging
What is the difference between stenosis and valve incompetence?
- Stenosis: valve does not open fully, obstructing blood flow
- Valve incompetence: valve does not close properly, causing blood to leak backwards
What are the treatments for heart failure?
- Diuretics
- Pacemaker
- Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)
What are the common causes of heart failure?
- Myocardial infarction (MI)
- Hypertension
- Cardiomyopathy
- Damaged valves
- Arrhythmias
What is the role of the left ventricle in myocardial infarction?
The left ventricle has the highest demand and is the most common site of ischaemia.
What are the diagnostic tools for myocardial infarction?
- Cardiac enzymes (e.g. Troponin, Creatinine Kinase)
- ECG (ST elevation, T wave inversion, enlarged Q wave)
What are possible treatments for myocardial infarction?
- Beta-blockers
- Vasodilators
- Cardiac catheterisation
- Angiography
- CABG
What are the consequences of myocardial infarction?
- Sudden death
- Arrhythmias
- Heart failure
- Cardiogenic shock
- Thrombus formation
Define cardiovascular disease (CVD) and state specifically where the associated damage occurs.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term for conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. The associated damage occurs in the arteries of the brain, kidneys, and eyes.
CVD encompasses various heart and vessel-related ailments.
What are the types of CVD?
- Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
- Cerebral Vascular Accidents (CVA)
- Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA’s)
- Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
- Aortic Disease
Each type represents a different aspect of cardiovascular health.
State another term for Coronary artery disease and give a definition.
Coronary artery disease is sometimes called ischaemic heart disease. It is a disease where the coronary arteries are blocked or narrowed.
This condition can lead to heart attacks and other serious cardiovascular issues.
Causes of heart failure?
Myocardial infarction
Cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmia
Damaged valves
Congenital conditions
Symptoms of heart failure
SOBOE & SOBAR
Swollen feet, stomach,lower back
Fatigue/feeling weak
MI treatment
Beta blockers
Vasodilators
CABG
Cardiac rehab
Catheterisation
Two types of MI
STEMI and NSTEMI
What is ejection fraction?
A measurement of how much blood the left ventricle pumps out with each contraction
