Hemetology-oncology Flashcards
(21 cards)
What does hematology-oncology refer to?
The combined medical practice of hematology (the study of the blood’s physiology) and oncology (the study of cancer).
List the conditions treated by hematologists-oncologists.
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Leukaemia
- Multiple myeloma
- Sickle cell disease
- Iron deficiency anaemia
- Haemophilia
- Thalassemia
- von Willebrand disease
- Polycythaemia vera
- Clotting disorders
What type of cell do all blood cells start as?
Stem cell
What types of stem cells develop into white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets?
- Myeloid stem cells
- Lymphoid stem cells
What are the two classifications for the development speed of leukaemia?
- Acute
- Chronic
What is Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)?
A rare type of leukaemia where the bone marrow makes too many monocytes or granulocytes that are not fully developed.
What is Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)?
A rare type of leukaemia most often diagnosed in young children, where the bone marrow makes too many B or T lymphocytes.
What is Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)?
A type of leukaemia where abnormal cells develop from myeloid blood stem cells.
What characterizes Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)?
It affects B lymphocytes and is the most common type of chronic leukaemia.
What is Hairy Cell Leukaemia?
A very rare type of leukaemia, more common in men than women.
What does lymphoma mean?
Cancer of the lymphatic system.
Name the two main types of lymphoma.
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
What is a key characteristic of Hodgkin lymphoma under a microscope?
Contains Reed-Sternberg cells.
How many people are diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) each year in the UK?
Around 14,200 people.
What is the Lugano classification used for?
To stage lymphoma.
What does extranodal disease refer to in NHL?
Lymphoma found in an organ outside the lymphatic or bone marrow system.
List the risk factors for Non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Smoking
- Overweight
- Family history
- Epstein Barr virus (EBV)
- Previous NHL
- Lowered immune system
- Breast Implant Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL)
What are common symptoms of lymphoma?
- General weakness
- Feeling tired
- High temperature
- Frequent infections
- Bruising or bleeding
- Weight loss
- Pain in bones or joints
- Breathlessness
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Heavy sweating, especially at night
What is the typical treatment team for blood cancer patients?
- Haematologist
- Specialist cancer nurse
- Pathologist
- Radiotherapy specialist
- Pharmacist
- Radiologist
- May include transplant specialist
What are the main types of treatment for blood cancer?
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted cancer drugs
- Radiotherapy
Fill in the blank: The abnormal leukaemia cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia develop from early blood cells called _______.
myeloid blood stem cells
