Cardiac Embryology

Question 1

Heart development spans what time frame of development

Answer 1

3-8 weeks

Question 2

The heart arises from what germ layer

Answer 2

Mesoderm (muscle, CT, blood, etc.)

Question 3

Week of development when organogenesis (via folding) occurs

Answer 3

Week 4

Question 4

Week of development when the heart begins to beat; embryo is large enough to need heart and vessels to carry blood everywhere

Answer 4

Week 4

Question 5

(Longitudinal/Transverse) folding moves the heart into the newly formed thorax

Answer 5

Longitudinal folding

Question 6

(Longitudinal/Transverse) folding creates the 3-D trunk, bringing the left and right sides together in the ventral midline

Answer 6

Transverse folding

Question 7

embryonic cells from which blood vessels arise

Answer 7

angioblasts

Question 8

Development of blood vessels begins with lumen creation, then the creation of blood cells, then…

Answer 8

fusion of neighbor vessels to form a network

Question 9

Pattern of heart development (starting from cords)

Answer 9

Right and left blood vessels (cords)
Heart tube forms by cord fusion via transverse folding
Heart tube folding
Atria/ventricles subdivide into left and right portions
AV valves develop
Aorta and pulmonary artery form

Question 10

The _______ eventually becomes part of the atria

Answer 10

Sinus venosus

Question 11

The ______ eventually becomes part of the ventricles

Answer 11

Bulbous cordis

Question 12

The ________ eventually becomes the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Answer 12

Truncus arteriosus

Question 13

Final positions of the atria and ventricles (which anterior and which posterior)

Answer 13

Atrias: posterior
Ventricles: anterior

Question 14

Central structure in interior cardiac subdivisions; eventually forms AV valves

Answer 14

Endocardial cushion

Question 15

You always need a hole in the ______ during fetal development because the lungs are the last to develop and are very delicate

Answer 15

atria

Question 16

Throughout the development of the atria, there are _____ septa and _____ openings involved in the process

Answer 16

2 septa (primum and secundum); 3 openings (foramen primum, secundum, ovale)

Question 17

The foramen ovale is formed on which septum (primum or secundum)

Answer 17

Septum secundum

Question 18

Blood flows through which foramen(s) as the prenatal shunt

Answer 18

Foramen ovale (right atrium) to foramen secundum (left atrium)

Question 19

_______ acts as the valve for the foramen ovale

Answer 19

Septum primum

Question 20

The ________ subdivides into the aorta and pulmonary artery; involves forming a septum and twisting

Answer 20

truncus arteriosus

Question 21

6 structures needed only during in-utero life (3 vessels, 3 shunts)

Answer 21

2 umbilical arteries (from iliac artery)
1 umbilical vein (to IVC)
Ductus venosus (bypass liver)
Oval foramen (between atria)
Ductus arteriosus (bypass lungs)

Question 22

of umbilical artery/arteries

Answer 22

2 (from iliac artery)

Question 23

of umbilical vein(s)

Answer 23

1 (to IVC)

Question 24

shunt to help bypass liver

Answer 24

Ductus venosus

Question 25

shunt allowing blood flow between atria

Answer 25

Oval foramen

Question 26

shunt to help bypass lungs

Answer 26

Ductus arteriosus

Question 27

Why is there a need to bypass blood away from the lungs in-utero

Answer 27

lungs are not needed for respiration in-utero, so they do not need much blood supply (also are fragile since they finish development last)

Question 28

O2 saturation in umbilical vein

Answer 28

80%

Question 29

Most of the blood that goes through the oval foramen comes from the (IVC/SVC)

Answer 29

IVC

Question 30

Name for umbilical vein post-natal

Answer 30

Ligamentus teres

Question 31

Name for umbilical arteries post-natal

Answer 31

Medial umbilical ligaments

Question 32

Name for ductus venosus post-natal

Answer 32

Ligamentum venosum

Question 33

Name for oval foramen post-natal

Answer 33

Oval fossa

Question 34

Name for ductus arteriosus post-natal

Answer 34

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 35

in-utero structure that closes the quickest

Answer 35

Oval foramen (at birth)

Question 36

How can you close or keep a ductus ateriosus open using drugs?

Answer 36

Open: Prostaglandin E1/2
Close: Indomethacin

Question 37

What closes the oval foramen via the septum primum

Answer 37

Increased venous blood flow into the left atrium