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cardiac medications Flashcards

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1
Q

s/s of dig toxicity

A

nausea, vommiting, anorexia, bradycardia, visual disturbances, cardiac dysrythmias, yellow and green halos

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2
Q

pt on digoxin should do what?

A

take pulse daily, do not take if HR less than 60

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3
Q

normal serum dig

A

0.8-2.0

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4
Q

monitor potassium for (when taking dig)

A

hypokalemia

can lead to toxicity

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5
Q

do not give dig with ??

A

antacids, makes drug ineffective

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6
Q

antidote for dig toxicity

A

digoxin immuno fab

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7
Q

hypokalemia and dig

A

hypokalemia increases effects of drugs and can lead to toxicity

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8
Q

first time someone takes nitro what should you do?

A

have them laying when they take it then test for orthostatic hypotension

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9
Q

do not apply nitro patches or ointment where?

A

near pacemaker or ICD

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10
Q

withdrawal symptoms of ca channel blockers and beta blockers

A

reflex tachycardia

pain

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11
Q

common se of nitroglycerin

A

HA pt can take tylenol for HA

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12
Q

what do beta blockers do?

A

decrease HR and myocardial contractility

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13
Q

calcium channel blockers action

A

relax coronary artery spasm, relaxes coronary artery spasms, and relaxes peripheral arteries, decreases contractility in turn decreases oxygen demands
decrease afterload, decrease peripheral resistance, reduces workload of the heart

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14
Q

Nitro SL tablets may have

A

stinging or biting feel

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15
Q

sodium channel blockers

A

decreases sodium influx into cardiac cellls, which decreases the likelyhood of ectopic foci

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16
Q

when administering antidysrythmics what should be done?

A

IV push or bolus, monitor for hypotension, compare baseline ecg to ecg after drugs are administered

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17
Q

adverse effects of antidysrhythmics

A

dizziness, fainting, nausea, vomiting

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18
Q

tell patient on antidysrhythmics to avoid

A

alcohol, caffeine, tobacco

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19
Q

what lab results to monitor with beta blockers?

A

BUN creatnine GFR AST LDH

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20
Q

what can beta blockers cause in a trauma situation?

A

hypoglycemia

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21
Q

side effects/ adverse effects of beta blockers

A

dizziness, slow hr, changes in bp, palpitations, orthostatic hypotension, confusion, GI upset, constipation

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22
Q

monitor what with alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers?

A

urine output, less than 600 daily than contraindicated with renal damage
sudden marked decreased in bp and increased hr
daily wts, can lead to edema

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23
Q

how long does it take for AA receptor blockers to work?

Study These Flashcards
A

up to 4 weeks

24
Q

side effects of AA blockers

Study These Flashcards
A

dizziness, lightheadness, drowsiness, impotence, edema (fluid retention is an issue),

25
African americans should take
AA blockers and Ca channel blockers, beta blockers are not typically effective
26
asian patients are more susceptible to what?
effects of propanolol
27
side effects of ACE inhibitors
angioedema, cough, dysgeusia, weakness, hyperkalemia, renal impairment
28
nis for ACE inhibitors
BUN, creatnine, urine protein, bruising, petichae, bleeding Teaching: avoid salt substitutes with K in them rise slowly cause you can have orthostatic hypotension how to take and record bp report any occurrences of bleeding report dizziness longer than a week take with out food to increase absorption food taste may diminish during first month of therapy Hyperkalemia is possible
29
african americans will not respond to an ace inhibitor unless
it is taken with a diuretic
30
contraindications of warfarin
blood dyscrasia, peptic ulcers, cvas, hemophilia, severe hypertension
31
therapeutic PT/INR
PT 1.25-2.5 INR 2-3 prosthetic heart valves- INR up to 3.5
32
nursing assessment for a patient on heparin or warfarin
epistaxsis, hematuria, petechia, purpura, occult blood in stools
33
antidotes for heparin and warfarin
heparin- protamine sulfate Warfarin- Vit K fresh frozen plasma
34
teaching patients about warfarin and heparin
electric razor, PT and INR done regularly, medic alert card, do not smoke, if they do smoke may need to increase warfarin dosage, avoid herbal therapy, avoid large amounts of green leafy veggies, legumes, soybean, increases effects- fish oils, green tea, chamomile, st johns wort, garlic, ginger, ETOH decreases effectiveness
35
aspirin cannot be taken with
warfarin, suggest acetaminophen
36
contraindications of thrombolytics
injury/head injury, CVA, hypertension, active bleeding, severe hypertension, anticoagulant therapy, report NSAIDS or aspirin
37
nursing assessment of a patient on thrombolytics
decreased bp, increased hr observe for signs of bleeding in mouth or rectum, hemorrhage, aminocaproic acid can be given as an intervention to stop bleeding
38
monitoring vs/reactions of a pt on thrombolytics
q15 1st hr q30 for next 8hrs s/s of allergic reactions ecg for evidence of reperfusion, dysrythmias avoid venipuncture (and arterial sticks)
39
side effects of thrombolytics
lightheadness, dizziness, palpitations, nausea, puritis, urticaria
40
desired cholesterol levels
150-200
41
high risk cholesterol levels
greater than 240
42
desired triglycerides
40-150
43
high risk triglycerides
190
44
LDL levels
100-160
45
HDL levels
low risk: greater than 60 | high risk: less than 35
46
side effects of statins
GI disturbances, head aches, muscle cramps, fatigue
47
labs with statins
monitor liver enzymes
48
what else needs to be monitored for with statins?
eye exam, can cause cataracts | muscle cramping/weakness can be a sign of rhabdomylosis
49
may take how long for statins to work?
up to a couple months
50
people with what should not take gemfibrozil
``` diabetes on anticoagulants (watch themselves for bleeding) ```
51
side effects of niacin
vasodilatation- dizziness, fainting, flush (decreases w time)
52
do not stop taking a statin
abruptly, can cause MI
53
report to er if
muscle weakness fever tea like urine
54
use of peripheral vasodilators
increase blood flow to an area, PVD | reassess blood slow to an area after dosage
55
nursing interventions for peripheral vasodilators
monitor for orthostatic hypotension and tachycardia may take 1.5-3.0 months to work use with aspirin to prevent platelet aggregation
56
side effects of cilostazol
flushing, h/a, dizziness | alcohol can potentiate this

pharmacology (4 decks)

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