cardiac system 5

Question 1

what is afterload

Answer 1

arterial blood pressure

Question 2

what is afterload for the left venrticle

Answer 2

aortic pressure

Question 3

what is afterload for the right ventricle

Answer 3

pulmonic pressure

Question 4

what increases the pressure required for the ventricles to eject blood

Answer 4

either blood pressure or a stenotic valve

therefore an increase in afterload decreases stroke volume

Question 5

what does an increase in afterload caues

Answer 5

a decrease in stroke volume

Question 6

what does reducing blood pressure lead to

Answer 6

decrease the pressure required of the ventricle to eject blood leading the heart to try and compensate- leading to enlarged heart muscles- hypertrophy to reduce wall stress

Question 7

heart failure

Answer 7

inability of the cardiac output to keep pace with the bodys demands for supplies and removal of wastes

Question 8

what does heart failure affect

Answer 8

either or both of the ventricles causing them to progressively weaken and faill

Question 9

what does inabiliyt of a ventricle to pump blood cause

Answer 9

blood to become congested or backed up, in the veins leading to the ventricle

Question 10

what is heart failure caused by

Answer 10

heart attack or impaired coronary circulation

prolonged pumping against chronic afterload- high BP, stenotic vale

Question 11

prime defect of heart failure

Answer 11

a decrease in cardiac contractility- a weakend heart

Question 12

decompensated heart failure

Answer 12

• conjestive heart failure- point at which heart can no longer pump out a normal stroke volume despite compensatory measures

Question 13

what happens in conjestive heart failure

Answer 13

cardiac muscle fibres are stretched to operating in the descending limb of the length- tension curve of the frank starling law

blood cannot enter and be pumped out and venous system dams up

Question 14

what is heart muscle suppleid with

Answer 14

oxygen and nutrients by blood delivered to it by coronary circulatin and not from bloood within heart chambers

Question 15

what blood does the heart receive- systole and diastole

Answer 15

most of its own blood supply that occurs during diastole

during systole- coronary vessels are compressed by contracting heart muscles

Question 16

coronary blood flow- variety

Answer 16

normally varies to keep pace with cardiac oxygen needs

Question 17

atherosclerotic coronary artery disease

Answer 17

pathological changes within coronary artery walls that diminish blood flow through the vessles

this is the leading cause of death in caanda

Question 18

what does atherosclerotic coronary artery disease cause

Answer 18

myocardiac ischemia and possibly lead to acute myocardiac infractions

Question 19

three mechanisms of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease

Answer 19

1. profound vascular spasm of coronary arteires
2. formation of atherosclerotic plaques
3. thromoembolism

Question 20

posssible outcomes of acute myocardial infraction

Answer 20

immediate death
delayed death from complications

Question 21

immediate death of acute myocardia infraction

Answer 21

acute cardiac failure occuring because heart is too weka to pump effectively to support the body tissues

fatal ventricular fibrillation brough about by damage to the specialiezd conducting tissue occruing because the wekaened heart is deprived of oxygen

Question 22

delayed death from complications in acute myocardial infraction

Answer 22

fatal rupture of the dead degenerating area of the heart wall

slowly progressing congestive heart failure where the heart becomes unable to pump out all the blood returned to it