immuno 1

Question 1

what percent of total body weight is blood

Answer 1

8

Question 2

what are the components that make up blood and what are they suspended in

Answer 2

plasma

erythrocytes
leukocytes
thrombocytes

Question 3

erythrocytes

Answer 3

red blood cells- whole cells
99%

Question 4

leukocytes

Answer 4

white blood cells- whole cells

Question 5

throbocytes

Answer 5

platelets- cell fragments

Question 6

dispersion of cells in plasma

Answer 6

generally evenly dispersed in plasma

Question 7

what do hematocrit levels represent

Answer 7

the percentage of rbc in total volume

Question 8

average hematocrit levels in women and men

Answer 8

42% women
45% men
plasma makes up the remaining volume

Question 9

what makes up 90% of plasma

Answer 9

water

Question 10

what does plasma serve as

Answer 10

the medium to carry the components within the blood

has high capacity to hold heat and helps distribute heat throughout the body

Question 11

what does plasma consist of other than water

Answer 11

several inorganic substances including electrolytes (ions) such as Na Cl K Ca H2CO3———–function as regulators of membrane excitability, osmotic distribution between extracellular fluid and cells and pH buffering

organic substances such as plasma proteins, glucose, AA, lipids, vitamins, creatine, bilirubin, hormones, and gases

Question 12

what is serum

Answer 12

the part of blood which is similar in composition to plasma but lacks the clotting factors

it is the liquid part of blood after clotting is allwoed to occur

Question 13

what do blood tests require

Answer 13

some require serium while others require plasma

Question 14

where are plasma protiens synthesized

Answer 14

most in the liver
exception- gamma globulins aka antibodies

Question 15

what do plasma proteins do

Answer 15

establish osmotic gradient bw blood and interstitial fluid (colloid osmotic pressure) and prevents excessive losss of plasma from capillaries intot he interstitial fluid and maintains plasma volume

helps in maintaining the plasmas capacity to buffer changes in pH

Question 16

what are the 3 groups of plasma protiens

Answer 16

albumins
globulins
fibinogen

Question 17

what plasma protines are the most abundant

Answer 17

albumins

Question 18

what plasma proteins contibutes to colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 18

albumins

Question 19

what plasma proteins nonspecifically bind to many substnaces that are poorly soluble in plasma to aid in their transport

Answer 19

albumins

Question 20

what are the 3 types of globulins

Answer 20

alpha
beta
gamma

Question 21

what plasma proteins specifically bind to poorly soluble substances to carry them

Answer 21

globulins

Question 22

what plasma protiens include substances involved in blood clotting cascade

Answer 22

globulins

Question 23

what are the other functions of globlulins

Answer 23

activation of other protiens and important in host defense

Question 24

what is the function of fibrinogen

Answer 24

key factor in clotting cascade

Question 25

where does filtration occur and what happens

Answer 25

in the arterial end 10mmHg pressure fluid exits capillary due to 35mmHg capillary hydrostatic pressure beinggreater than the blood colloidal osmotic pressure whichi s 25mmHg

Question 26

what happens mid cappilary

Answer 26

no net movement of fluid since capillary hydrostatic pressure and blood colloid osmotic pressure are equal are 25

Question 27

what is reabsorption and where does it happen

Answer 27

at the venous end, net filtration pressure in -7 blood goes into the capillary since capillary hydrotatic pressure 18 is lower than blood colloidal osmotic pressure at 25

Question 28

how many rbc in 1 ml blood

Answer 28

5 x 10^9

Question 29

shape of tbc

Answer 29

flat, indented, disc shaped that flatten in the centre

Question 30

diameter of rbc

Answer 30

8um

Question 31

function of biconcave shape of rbc

Answer 31

provide larger SA for diffusion of O2 across membrane

Question 32

function of thinness of rbc

Answer 32

enables O2 to diffuse rapidly

Question 33

what traits of rbc helps trnapsortation of O2

Answer 33

biconcave thin lack ncleus (more O2) flecible and pliable (squeese tight spaces) haemoglobin (most important- carry O2)

Question 34

haemoglobin solubility

Answer 34

not soluble in plasma

Question 35

where is hemoglobin found

Answer 35

neurons, rbc, immune cells 270 mill per rbc

Question 36

what does hemoglobin consist of

Answer 36

globin heme group

Question 37

glboin in hemoglobin

Answer 37

4 highly folded peptide chains- tetramer

Question 38

heem group

Answer 38

4 Fe containing, non protien groups each bound to a polypeptide

Question 39

Fe and O2 binding

Answer 39

each combines reversibly 4Fe=4O2 98.5% of O2 carried by hemoglobin

Question 40

arterial versus venous color

Answer 40

arterial is red venous is blue

Question 41

what can hemoglobin bind to

Answer 41

CO2, H+, CO, NO prefers CO 250x than O2 (CO poisoning)