Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MED310B > digestion and absorption > Flashcards

digestion and absorption Flashcards

1
Q

where does most absorption take place

A

in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

absorption in the stomach

A

absorbs some non polar substances such as alcohol and aspirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what do enteroendocrine cells secrete

A

various hormones including gastrin (G cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

processing time of different types of food

A

carbohydrates empty fastest followed by high protein foods
meals with high triglyceride content remain in the stomach the longest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

small finger like projcections that protrude from the mucosal lining to increase nutrient absorption surface area

A

vili

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hair like projections that aid in the absorption of nutrients

A

microvili

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does the mucosal epithelal cell layer of the small intestine house

A

enterocytes
brush border
goblet cells
crypt cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

enterocytes

A

absorptive cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

brush border

A

microvilli covered cells expressing digestive enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

goblet cells

A

secrete mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

crypt cells

A

epithelial stem cell which replenish dead/ sloughed off cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

most nutrients consumed as macromolecules

A

must be enzymatically broken down (chemical digestion) before absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

most carbs in diets

A

polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

starch and cellulose

A

from plant products (pasta and breads)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

glycogen

A

from animals and animal products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cellulose

A

dietary fibre is not a substrate of digestive enzymes and therefore cannot be digeseted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

structure of starch

A

branched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

structure of glycogen

A

super brancehd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

structure of cellulose

A

fibre that is packed and rows and column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

disaccharides

A

sucrose (sugar) and lactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

monosaccharides

A

glucose and fructose (absorbable forms of carbs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what digests polysaccharides

A

salivary and pancreatic amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

salivary amylase

A

inactivated by the acids in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pancreatic amylase

A

continues polysaccharide digestion in the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what do amylases do
reduce starch or glycogen to either maltose (glycose disaccharide) or short branched polysaccharide called limit dextrins
26
digestion of carbs to monosaccharides
completed by brush border enzymes boundot the apical membranes of absorptive cells lining the small intestine
27
brush border enzymes
dextrinase and glycoamylase sucrase lactase maltase
28
dextrinase and glgycoamylase
breaks down limit dextrins and straight chain glucose polymers into glucose monomers
29
sucrase
hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose
30
lactase
hydrolyzes lactose to glucose and galactose
31
maltase
hydrolyzes maltose to two glucose molecules
32
how is fructose absorbed
by facilitated diffusion
33
gluctose and galactose digesiton
enter epithelial cells via active cotransport with sodium 2 Na ions enter for each glucose transported. excess Na is pumped out by the basolateral sodium pump which required ATP for energy
34
how do sports drinks use Na linked glucose transport
provide energy to high preformance athletes monosaccharides enter the bloodstream thorugh facilitated diggusion across the basolateral membrane. they then travel to the liver for processing
35
protein digestion
must be digested into small peptides and amino acids prior to absorption
36
enzymes for protein digestion
to protect the secretory cells from digestive enzymes, the enzymes are stored in these cells in an inactive form, called zymogens secreted zymogens are converted into active enzymes by proteolytic activation
37
expopeptidases
cleave off individual amino acids from one end of the polypeptide digestion of small peptides into amino acisd
38
endopeptidases
break bonds in the middle of the polypeptide to produce shorter polypeptides
39
endopeptidases example
pepsinogen
40
pepsinogen
is secreted by chief cells in the stomach it is partially activated by hydrogen ions secreted in the parietal cells in the stomach the pancreas secretes several zymogens into the duodenum
41
what are the zymogens being secreted into the duodenum
trypsin, chymotripsin,
42
what does enterokinase do
converts trypsinogen to trypsin trypsin then activates other zymogens
43
exopeptidases example
caboxypeptidases (procarboxypeptidases) and aminopeptidase
44
caboxypeptidases (procarboxypeptidases) and aminopeptidase
finish protein digestion by cleaving amino acids from the carboxyl and amino ends of a polypeptide chain respectivel
45
amino acid and small peptide absorption
small peptides and amino acids are actively transported into the intestinal epithelial cells by cotransport with ions amino acids are then tranported across the basolateral membrane by facilitated diffusion and diffuse into the blood
46
most dietary lipids are
triglycerides (90%)
47
lipids and mizing
dont mix with stomach contents bc they are hydrophobic and cant be reached by digestive enzymes
48
bile salts
facilitates the action of digestive enzymes by emulsifying fat globules down into smaller droplets (micelles)
49
bile salt synthesis and secretion
synth in hepatocytes and secreted in the bile
50
lingual lipase
saliva and stomach
51
gastric lipase
gastric lumen
52
pancreatic lipase
small intestine
53
what happens when lipids interact with lipase
monoglycerides and fatty acids are liberated through the action of lipase and they retain their association with bile acids and complex with other lipids to form structures called micelles
54
fate of lipid containing chylomicrons
transported into the lymphatic vessel underlying the epithelial cell layer (lacteal) large numbers of absorbed chylomicrons appears milky and the lymphatics are easy to see in the small intestine
55
vitamin digestion
consumed in their absorptive form and do not undergo digestion the mechanism of absorption of vitamins depends on whether the vitamin is hydrophobic or hydrophilic
56
hydrophobic/ fat soluble vitamins
ADEK absorbed with lipids therfore bile salts can help absorption of these vitamins
57
water soluble vitamins
are absorbed by active transport or facilitated diffusion folate, thiamine, riboflavin, niancin, pantothenic acid, biotin, vitamin B6, bitamin B12, vitamin C
58
mineral absorption
occurs by active transport 80% of sodium enters the GI tract through secretions and 20% is ingested
59
calcium absorption
regulated based on the bodys needs enhanced by the homrones 1,25 OH vitamin D3 which increases the amount of calcium binding protien therefore calcium absorption is dependent upon sufficient dietary vitamin D
60
iron absorption
both in the redduced inorganic form Fe2+ and when bound to heme
61
water absorption
passive: driven by an osmotic gradient across the mucosal epithelium created by the transport of solutes (mainly sodium) from the lumen to the interstitial fluid
62
sources of water
drinking water (2l/day) secretions from the stomach, intestine, acessory glands (7l/day)
63
fact about water
approx 70% of the water that is initially present in the duodenum is typically absorbed by the time chyme reaches the colon

MED310B (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions