cardio Flashcards
(20 cards)
causes of ejection systolic murmur
aortic stenosis
pulmonary stenosis
also: HOCM, ASD, tetralogy of fallot
rate control in AF
1: beta blocks
2: calcium channel blockers (if asthmatic)
3: digoxin
ejection systolic murmur and asymmetric septal hypertrophy
HOCM
management of aortic stenosis
asymptomatic: observe
asymptomatic but valvular gradient > 40: AVR
symptomatic: AVR
management if INR 5-8 and patient is asymptomatic
withhold 1 or 2 doses
reduce subsequent maintenance dose
most common bacteria responsible for infective endocarditis in IVDUs
staph aureus (most common overall)
most common bacteria responsible for infective endocarditis within 2 months of valve transplant
staph epidermidis
management of new BP > 180/120 + no worrying signs
urgent investigations: ECG, urine dip and blood tests
what calcium channel blockers are given in HTN
dihydropyridine: amlodipine, nifedipine
side effects of nicorandil
headache
flushing
skin, mucosal and eye ulceration: GI ulcer
inheritance of HOCM
autosomal dominant
outcomes for AAA screening
< 3cm: no further action
3-4.4: rescan every 12 months
4.5-5.4: rescan every 3 months
> 5.5: two week referral
if grown < 1cm in a year: refer
at what point in the ECG should you cardiovert
R wave
most common cause of viral myocarditis
coxsackie B virus
patient on doxorubicin chemo presents with breathlessness on exertion (HF picture)
dilated cardiomyopathy
test for a repeat MI
CK MB
main precipitating factor for digoxin toxicity
hypokalaemia
management of dressler’s syndrome
NSAIDs: aspirin
cause of pseudohyponatraemia
hyperlipidaemia
side effects of beta-blockers
bronchospasm
fatigue
cold peripheries
sleep disturbance
