cardio !!!

Question 1

first line investigation in those with typical angina sx

Answer 1

1st = CT coronary angiography

2nd = non-invasive functional imaging - stress echo

3rd = invasive coronary angiography

Question 2

young adult px with hypertension - what should you suspect?

Answer 2

coarctation of aorta

Question 3

commonest cause of death in HOCM

Answer 3

ventricular arrhythmia

Question 4

pulsus paradoxus

Answer 4

BP decreases by more than 10 during inspiration

• cardiac tamponade
• severe asthma

Question 5

unconscious patient, sinus tachycardia but no carotid pulse - next steps?

Answer 5

begin chest compressions

• indicates a non-shockable rhythm

Question 6

requirement for valve replacement in asymptomatic patients

Answer 6

valvular gradient >40

and features such as left ventricular systolic dysfunction

Question 7

elecroloyte changes that prolong the QT interval

Answer 7

hypokalaemia
hypocalcaemia
hypomagnesaemia

hypothyroidism
hypothermia

Question 8

when should you stop beta blockers in acute heart failure

Answer 8

if
- HR <50
- second or third degree AV block
- shock

Question 9

type of valve replacement given to young

Answer 9

mechanical
- durability + longevity

bioprosthetic valves have short lifespan
- for old people who cannot be on long term anticoagulation

Question 10

drug for 1st line mx of stroke prevention in AF

Answer 10

DOACs

Question 11

target INR in mechanical valve - aortic vs mitral

Answer 11

aortic = 3

mitral = 3.5