Cardio

Question 1

Class 1A anti-arrhythmic

Answer 1

Quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide
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moderate Na+ channel blockade
K+ channel blockade
↑ AP duration

Question 2

Class 1B anti-arrhythmics

Answer 2

Lidocaine, Mexiletine
I’d Buy LIDdy’s MEXIcan Tacos
weak Na+ channel blockade
↓ AP duration

Question 3

Class 1C anti-arrhythmics

Answer 3

Flecainide, Propafenone
Can I have Fries Please
strong Na+ channel blockade
no effect on AP duration

Question 4

-osin

Answer 4

prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin

α1 blockers

Question 5

phenoxybenzamine

Answer 5

α-blocker

Question 6

phentolamine

Answer 6

α-blocker

Question 7

Clonidine

Answer 7

α2-agonist

Question 8

Albuterol

Answer 8

ß2 > ß1 agonist

Question 9

salmeterol

Answer 9

ß2 > ß1 agonist

Question 10

terbutaline

Answer 10

ß2 > ß1 agonist

Question 11

Dobutamine

Answer 11

ß1 > ß2 agonist

α agonist

Question 12

Dopamine

Answer 12

D > ß > α agonist

Question 13

epinephrine

Answer 13

ß > α agonist

↓BP, ↑HR, ↑CO

Question 14

Norepinephrine

Answer 14

α > ß agonist

↑BP → reflex ↓HR, CO remains constant(ish)

Question 15

Phenylephrine

Answer 15

α agonist

Question 16

isopreterenol

Answer 16

ß1 = ß2 agonist

Question 17

Aortic stenosis

Answer 17

Crescendo-decresendo
systolic murmur
loudest at base, radiates to carotids
ejection click

Question 18

Mitral/tricuspid regurg

Answer 18

Holosystolic
high pitched blowing
loudest at base, radiates toward axilla
early sequelae of rheumatic fever

Question 19

Mitral valve prolapse

Answer 19

late-systolic crescendo murmur

midsystolic click

Question 20

Ventricular septal defect

Answer 20

Holosystolic, harsh sounding

Question 21

aortic regurg

Answer 21

High pitched blowing

early diastolic decrescendo murmur

Question 22

Mitral stenosis

Answer 22

Opening snap
delayed rumbling
mid-late diastolic murmur
late sequelae of rheumatic fever

Question 23

Patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 23

Continuous machine like murmur

Question 24

Wide splitting

Answer 24

Delayed RV emptying

also ASD?

Question 25

Fixed splitting

Answer 25

ASD

Question 26

paradoxical splitting

Answer 26

Delayed aortic valve closure

Question 27

ß1 blockers

Answer 27

-olol from A-M

Question 28

ß1 = ß2 blockers

Answer 28

-olol from N-Z

Question 29

ß blockers with α-blocking

Answer 29

modified suffix -ilol and -alol (instead of -olol) carvedilol labetalol

Question 30

Hydralizine

Answer 30

vasodilates

Question 31

Milrinone

Answer 31

used in acute decomensated HF ↑ HR and contractility vasodilation

Question 32

``` Antiarrhythmics class 3 potassium channel blockers ```

Answer 32

Amiodarone Ibutilide, Dofetilide Sotalol AIDS

Question 33

``` Antiarrhythmics class 4 calcium channel blockers ```

Answer 33

Verapamil | Diltiazem

Question 34

digoxin

Answer 34

inhibits Na-K inhibits Na-Ca X ↑ Ca+ intracellularly ↑ contractility

Question 35

Fenoldopam

Answer 35

Dopamine agonist coronary, peripheral, renal, and splanchnic vasodilation ↓ BP ↑ natriuresis

Question 36

Dressler syndrome

Answer 36

MI complication several weeks after | autoimmune pleuritis

Question 37

Giant cell arteritis

Answer 37

``` temporal arteritis Large vessel Unilateral headaceh, temporal artery tenderness blindness elderly females ```

Question 38

Takayasu arteritis

Answer 38

Large vessel asian females pulseless upper extremities narrowing of aortic arch

Question 39

Buerger disease

Answer 39

aka thromboangitis obliterans medium vessel heavy smokers extremity claudication

Question 40

Kawasaki disease

Answer 40

``` medium vessel Young asian children CRASH and burn Conjunctival injection Rash Adenopathy (cervical) Strawberry tongue Hand-foot edema, erythema fever ```

Question 41

Polyarteritis nodosa

Answer 41

medium vessel think PAN → GI abdominal pain, melena Renal damage

Question 42

Behcet syndrome

Answer 42

``` small vessel Turkish and eastern Mediterranean descent aphthous ulcers genital ulcerations uveitis erythema nodosum HLA-B51 ```

Question 43

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

Answer 43

``` aka churg strauss small vessel MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA Upper respiratory peripheral neuropathy can also effect heart, GI, kidneys ```

Question 44

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Answer 44

aka Wegener small vessel PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA Upper respiratory (including nasal septum perforation) Lower respiratory (cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea) Renal

Question 45

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis

Answer 45

``` aka Henoch-schonlein purpura small vessel skin → palpable purpura on legs (dramatic) arthralgies GI (including intussusception) ```

Question 46

Microscopic polyangiitis

Answer 46

``` small vessel MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA skin lung renal similar to wegener's but w/o nasopahryngeal involvement ```

Question 47

Amlodipine | Nifedipine

Answer 47

calcium channel blocker in vascular smooth muscle, but not heart vasodilation

Question 48

Bile acid resins

Answer 48

Cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam ↓ intenstinal reabsorption of bile acids Only one that ↑ Triglycerides

Question 49

Cholestyramine

Answer 49

Bile acid resins

Question 50

colestipol

Answer 50

Bile acid resins

Question 51

colesevelam

Answer 51

Bile acid resins

Question 52

Ezetimibe

Answer 52

prevents cholesterol absorption at SI

Question 53

Fibrates

Answer 53

Gemfibrozil, Bezafibrate, Fenofibrate Upregulate LPL → ↑triglyceride clearance\ ↓↓↓ TG Cholesterol gallstones