Cardio- Auscultation Findings Flashcards
What is the most likely etiology assc with a systolic murmur at the let sternal border?
Hypertropic cardiomyopathy
What is the most likely etiology assc with a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur?
Aortic stenosis
What is the most likely etiology assc with a holosystolic, high-pitched “blowing murmur”?
Mitral/tricuspid regurgitation
What is the most likely etiology assc with late systolic crescendo murmur with midsystolic click?
Mitral valve prolapse
What is the most likely etiology assc with a holosystolic, harsh-sounding murmur?
Ventricular septal defect
What is the most likely etiology assc with a high-pitched “blowing” early diastolic decrescendo murmur?
Aortic regurgitation
What is the most likely etiology assc with a delayed rumbling mid-to-late diastolic murmur following an opening snap?
Mitral stenosis
What is the most likely etiology assc with a continuous machine-like murmur?
PDA
What is the effect of inspiration on cardiac sounds? What is the underlying physiology responsible?
Inspiration increases the intensity of right heart sounds because of increased venous return to the right atrium
Which murmurs increase in intensity with hand grip? Decrease in intensity? What physiology factor is changed by the hand grip?
Hand gripping increases afterload, causing an increased intensity of MR, AR, and VSD murmurs, and decreased intensity of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and AS murmurs
What is the effect of the Valsalva or standing up on cardiac murmurs?
decreased intensity of most murmurs except increased intensity of those due to hypertropic cardiomyopathy
What congenital defect is assc. w/ a loud S1 and wide, fixed split S2? What is the physiologic basis of this finding?
ASD; Increased blood in the R heart delays closure of pulmonary valve
