Cardio Friendly diets

Question 1

What is the appearance of blood vessels with mild vascular disease?

Answer 1

Small tears with fatty streaks

Question 2

What is the appearance of blood vessels with moderate vascular disease?

Answer 2

Accumulation of cholesterol, Ca, and cellular debris

Question 3

What is the appearance of blood vessels with severe vascular disease?

Answer 3

Thrombus formation after plaque rupture with platelet activation

Question 4

Who is more likely to get an MI: a person with hard plaque or soft?

Answer 4

Soft

Question 5

What cause the causative factors of vascular disease?

Answer 5

HTN

DM

Question 6

Increased platelet activation in vascular disease may be caused by what?

Answer 6

Low fruit/veggie intake

Question 7

What are the protective level of Na and K (relative)?

Answer 7

High K

Low Na

Question 8

What type of fat is protective from vascular disease?

Answer 8

OMega 3

Question 9

What is the role of adrenergic hormones in vascular disease?

Answer 9

Increased inflammation

Question 10

Most FAs in the blood come from where?

Answer 10

Diet

Question 11

What are the uses of lipoproteins?

Answer 11

Build membranes

Energy storage

Question 12

What are the atherogenic lipoproteins?

Answer 12

Chylomicron remnants
VLDL
LDL

Question 13

What are the non-atherogenic lipoproteins?

Answer 13

Chylomicrons
HDL
VLDL

Question 14

True or false: triglycerides are directly linked to CAD

Answer 14

False

Question 15

FAs derived from linolenic acid have how many carbons? Are these saturated, mono, or poly?

Answer 15

18

Polyunsaturated

Question 16

Most FAs have an even or odd number of carbons?

Answer 16

Even (16, 18, 20)

Question 17

Why can you not completely get rid of chylomicrons?

Answer 17

Need ADEK vits

Question 18

What is the enzyme that cleaves off portions of the VLDL to deliver lipids to cells?

Answer 18

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 19

High cholesterol diets have more or less receptors for LDL?

Answer 19

Less

Question 20

What are the enzymes contained within HDL?

Answer 20

LCAT and apoE

Question 21

What are HDLs high in?

Answer 21

proteins and phospholipids

Question 22

What are the functions of HDL?

Answer 22

take up cholesterol from LDL and VLDL

Reverse transport of cholesterol

Question 23

Olive oil has poly or mono-unsaturated fat?

Answer 23

Mono

Question 24

What are the three major “bad” saturated fats?

Answer 24

Myristic (14:0)
Palmitic (16:0)
Stearic (18:0)

Question 25

Why are saturated fats bad?

Answer 25

Tend to raise blood cholesterol

Question 26

What are the two neutral FAs?

Answer 26

Oleic acid | Palmitoleic acid

Question 27

Which have a higher melting point: mono or poly unsaturated fats?

Answer 27

Monounsaturated

Question 28

What is the effect of monounsaturated fats on cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 28

Neutral

Question 29

What is the most common source of mono-unsaturated FAs?

Answer 29

Olive oil

Question 30

Position of the double bond in FAs are designated by greek letters, with the numbering starting where?

Answer 30

Related to the carboxyl group

Question 31

Do poly-unsaturated fats raise blood cholesterol?

Answer 31

Generally, no

Question 32

What are eicosanoids?

Answer 32

Immunity and inflammation CNS messengers

Question 33

What are eicosanoids made from?

Answer 33

omega 6 and omega 3 FAs

Question 34

What are the two omega 3 FAs?

Answer 34

EPA | DHA

Question 35

What type of FA is arachidonic acid?

Answer 35

omega 6

Question 36

What are prostacyclins, thromboxanes, lipoxins, and leukotrienes?

Answer 36

Eicosanoids

Question 37

What is the MOA of free radical damage causing atherosclerosis?

Answer 37

Free radicals attack PUFAs and apoB in LDL, causing fragmentation

Question 38

What isn't fragmented LDL created by free radicals taken up by the liver?

Answer 38

Not recognized by receptors

Question 39

What is the effect of LDL fragments on macrophages? What does this cause?

Answer 39

Creates foam cells, which deposit in arteries

Question 40

Free radicals can arise from what metals?

Answer 40

Fe and Cu