Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho > Cardio Phys (exam 3) > Flashcards

Cardio Phys (exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Serous membrane surrounding heart
Parietal (hug cavity) and visceral (hug organ) layer
Pericardial cavity and fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

Middle & thickest layer of the heart

Contracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the endocardium?

A

Inner wall of the heart

Endothelial lining of the heart chambers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of blood does the right atrium hold?

A

Deoxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What kind of blood does the eft atrium hold?

A

Oxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of blood does the right ventricle hold?

A

Deoxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of blood does the left ventricle hold?

A

Oxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which ventricle creates the highest pressure? Why?

A

Left ventricle

Extra myocarium to push blood to all tissues of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What side of the heart is pulmonary circulation?

A

Right side

Deoxy blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What side of the heart is systemic circulation?

A

Left side

Oxy blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the atrioventricular valves?

A

Tricuspid

Bicuspid (mitral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the semilunar valves?

A

Pulmonary valve

Aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve?

A

Between right atrium and right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where is the bicuspid (mitral) valve?

A

Between the left atrium and left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve?

A

Between right ventricle and lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the aortic valve?

A

Between the left ventricle and aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When are the AV valves open? Closed?

A

Closed in ventricle contraction (systole)

Open in ventricle relaxation (diastole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When are the semilunar valves open? Closed?

A

Open in ventricle contraction (systole)

Closed in ventricle relaxation (diastole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Blood Flow in the Body

A 
Superior Vena Cave/ Inferior Vena Cava drain to
Right atrium through 
Tricuspid Valve to
Right Ventricle through
Pulmonary semilunar valve to 
Pulmonary trunk to 
Pulmonary arteries to 
Lungs to 
Pulmonary veins to 
Left atrium through
Bicuspid (mitral) valve to 
Left ventricle through
Aortic semilunar valve to 
Aorta to body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) go? What type of blood do they carry?

A

Drain into right atrium

Deoxy blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where does the pulmonary trunk go to? Then to? What type of blood is carried?

A

Trunk to pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary arteries to lungs
Deoxy blood (only deoxy arteries in body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where do the pulmonary veins go? What type of blood do they carry?

A 
Into left atrium
Oxy blood (only oxy veins in body)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the aorta come from? Go to? What type of blood do they carry?

A

Out of left ventricle
To all tissues of the body
Oxy blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is systole? What is open? Closed?

A

Contraction (ventricle)
Semilunars are open
AV valves closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is diastole? What is open? Closed?

A

Relaxation (ventricle)
AV valves open
Semilunars are closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What about atrial systole and atrial diastole?

A

Opposite from ventricle systole and diastole
Atrial systole during ventricle diastole
Atrial diastole during ventricle systole

27
Q

What is cardiac circulation?

A

Heart’s blood supply

Left & Right Coronary Arteries

28
Q

What does the left coronary artery branch into?

A

Left Anterior Descending (LAD)/ Anterior Interventricular: “widow maker”- blockage leads to sudden and severe myocardial infarction
Circumflex artery

29
Q

What does the right coronary artery branch into?

A

Right Marginal

Posterior Descending Artery (PDA)/ Posterior Interventricular

30
Q

Where do the coronary veins drain into? Where is it?

A

Coronary Sinus

Sits behind right atrium- dumps deoxy blood back into right atrium

31
Q

What is the conduction system?

A

Electrical pathway to tell the heart muscles to contract

32
Q

What is the order of impulses in the conduction system?

A 
SA node
AV node
AV bundle
Bundle branches
Purkinje fibers
33
Q

What is the “pacemaker” of the heart? Why?

A

SA node
It generates an automatic rhythm
Starts the action potential that travels across the atria and down
Atria then contract

34
Q

Describe the AV node role in the conduction system

A

Receives the action potential and holds onto and delays it for moment
Full contraction of atria in top-down motion
Full pumping into ventricles

35
Q

Describe the AV bundle role in the conduction system

A

Speeds up conduction now down interventricular septum

36
Q

Describe the Bundle branches role in the conduction system

A

Splits into 2 branches (left & right) down intervent

Septum to apex

37
Q

Describe the Perkinje fibers role in the conduction system

A

Travel up the walls of ventricles to innervate myocardium
Ventricular contraction in a bottom-up motion
Full pumping out of ventricles, out of the heart

38
Q

What does an electrocardiogram (EKG/ ECG) measure?

A

Measures electricity of the heart

NOT heartbeat

39
Q

What are the parts of an EKG or ECG? What do they represent?

A

P wave: atrial depo
QRS complex: ventricle depo & atrial repo
T wave: ventricle repo

40
Q

What is the flat segment between P & Q on an EKG (ECG)?

A

Atrial contraction

41
Q

What is the flat segment between S & T on an EKG (ECG)?

A

Ventricle contraction

42
Q

What are the heart sounds and what do they represent?

A

S1: “lub”, AV valves closing, ventricles start to contract
S2: “dub”, semilunar valves closing, ventricles relax

43
Q

How does the Brain innervate cardiac?

A 
Sympathetic nerves: increase heart rate (norepi, epi), increase BP
Parasympathetic nerves (Vagus nerve): decrease heart rate (AcH)
44
Q

What vessels have the greatest velocity of blood?

A

Arteries

45
Q

What vessels have the highest pressure?

A

Ateries

46
Q

What vessels have the greatest resistance? Why?

A

Arterioles
Due to push of narrower vessel walls on blood flow
Resistance leads to many pathos

47
Q

What vessels have the lowest resistance? What does it allow for?

A

Capillaries

Allows for fluid, gas, nutrient exchange with tissues

48
Q

What do the venules do?

A

Drain out of capillaries

49
Q

What vessels have the lowest pressure?

A

Veins

50
Q

What is the lumen of a vessel?

A

Open center of the tube

51
Q

What is the Tunica Intima of a vessel?

A

Endothelium
Smooth epithelial lining for good blood flow
Must keep intact or Pathos!

52
Q

What does the Tunica Intima add to the veins?

A

Added valves made from the endothelium
Prevents back flow
Ensure 1-way flow back to heart
Aided with skeletal muscle contractions and respiration to move deoxy blood back to heart

53
Q

What is the Tunica Media of a vessel? What does it do? What is different about the artery tunica media?

A

Smooth muscle= vasoconstriction & vasodilation

Arteries have thicker muscle and have added elastic layers due to high pressure

54
Q

What is the tunica externa of a vessel?

A

Adventitia

Outer connective tissue of vessel

55
Q

What is blood pressure (BP)?

A

Force of blood on vessel walls

Resistance= blood vessel walls’ push back on blood

56
Q

How do we measure BP (formula)?

A

BP= CO x PR

= cardiac output x peripheral resistance

57
Q

What is the cardiac output? How do we calculate it?

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minutes
CO= HR x SV
= heart rate x stroke volume

58
Q

What is the stroke volume?

A

Amount of blood pumped per beat (mL/ beat)

59
Q

What affects the cardiac output?

A

Preload: how much did ventricle fill= stretch
Afterload: pressure needed to eject this blood out of heart, myocardial contractility= heart muscles ability to contract, more contractility= more force of contraction= increase BP

60
Q

How do we control BP?

A

Nervous system measures with baro’s (pressure) and chemo’s (CO2) to modify cardiac function and BP
Vasodilation & vasoconstriction of vessels

61
Q

What factors affect blood flow?

A

velocity of blood= speed
Laminar flow= from smooth, dilated vessels, good straight flow
Tubular flow= from constriction that causes turbulence in blood flow, pushes against endothelium (may cause damage)
Vascular compliance: vessel’s ability to stretch

62
Q

Is S1 related to systole or diastole? What is open? Closed?

A

S1 is systole
Semilunars are open
AVs are closed

63
Q

Is S2 related to systole or diastole? what is open? Closed?

A

S2 is diastole
Semis closed
AVs open

Patho (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions