Cardio Physiology

Question 1

P-Wave

Answer 1

depolarization of SA node in atria

Question 2

P-R Interval

Answer 2

beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of ventricular excitation

Question 3

QRS Wave

Answer 3

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

Question 4

T-Wave

Answer 4

ventricular repolarization

Question 5

S-T Segment

Answer 5

entire ventricular myocardium depolarized

Question 6

Q-T Interval

Answer 6

beginning of ventricular depolarization through ventricular repolarization

Question 7

Systole

Answer 7

heart contraction (depolarization)

Question 8

Diastole

Answer 8

heart relaxation (repolarization)

Question 9

Cardiac Cycle

Answer 9

blood flow through heart during one complete heartbeat

Question 10

Ventricular Filling

Answer 10

Pressure = low.

Blood passively flows in, then atria depolarize to release the rest of the blood to ventricles

Question 11

Atrial Contraction

Answer 11

Atria depolarize after sensing from AV node

P-Wave

Question 12

End Diastolic Volume

Answer 12

volume of blood in each ventricle at end of ventricular diastole

Question 13

Isovolumetric Contraction

Answer 13

All valves are closed

Question 14

End Systolic Volume

Answer 14

volume of blood remaining in each ventricle after systole (contraction)

Question 15

Isovolumetric Relaxation

Answer 15

Occur after T-Wave (ventricular repolarization) so ventricles are relaxed

Question 16

SA Node

Answer 16

Pacemaker of heart in right atria-generates impulses. Decreases heart rate to 75. Without SA node, heart rate = 100

Question 17

AV Node

Answer 17

delays impulses. at the bottom of right atria . If damaged = heart block

Question 18

Bundle of His

Answer 18

electrical connection b/w atria and ventricles

Question 19

Bundle Branches

Answer 19

Carry electrical signal through intravenetricular septum

Question 20

Cardiac Output (CO)

Answer 20

Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute

CO (5.25) = HR (75) x SV (70 mL)

Question 21

Stroke Volume (SV)

Answer 21

volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat.

Affected by preload, contractility, and afterload

Question 22

Heart Rate (HR)

Answer 22

number of beats per minute

Question 23

Preload

Answer 23

degree which cardiac muscle cells are stretched just before they contract.
Venous Return = important (amt of blood returning to heart)

Question 24

Contractility

Answer 24

Contractile strength at given muscle length
Increased contractility lowers ESV
Decreased contractility by acidosis

Question 25

What component of the body is dominant in heart rate?

Answer 25

Parasympathetic nervous system. Specifically the vagal nerve.

Question 26

Tachycardia

Answer 26

>100 bmp (fast heart rate)

Question 27

Bradycardia

Answer 27

<60 bpm (slow heart rate)

Question 28

Blood Pressure

Answer 28

measured by contraction of ventricles. | determined by CO, blood volume, and vascular resistance

Question 29

sphygmomanometer

Answer 29

used to measure blood pressure

Question 30

Pulse

Answer 30

feeling of the arteries dialation

Question 31

Pulse points

Answer 31

Temporal artery, cartoid, apical pulse, brachail pulse, radial, femoral, popliteal artery, posterior tibial artery, and pedal

Question 32

Pulse Pressure

Answer 32

avg: 120/80 (normal) systolic/diastolic

Question 33

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Answer 33

MAP= (systolic +2(diastolic))/3 Average pressure in arteries for one cardiac cycle.

Question 34

Total Peripheral Resistance

Answer 34

TPR= MAP/CO Resistance in blood flow

Question 35

atherosclerosis

Answer 35

build up of fat in artery walls. (leads to heart attack/cardiac arrest)