Digestive Flashcards

1
Q

Ingestion

A

Taking food into mouth

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2
Q

Secretion

A

Release of water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into lumen of GI tract

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3
Q

Motility

A

Churning and movement of food through GI tract

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4
Q

Digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

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5
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of digested products from GI tract into blood and lymph

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6
Q

Defecation

A

Elimination of feces from GI tract

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7
Q

GI Tract

A

Tube open from mouth to anus for transit of food.

esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum

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8
Q

Accessory Structures

A

Not part of GI tract, but contribute to food processing.

Accessory structures include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

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9
Q

Bolus

A

Chewed food

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10
Q

Chyme

A

Food in the stomach mixed with stomach acids

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11
Q

Mouth

A

formed by cheeks, hard & soft palate, and tongue

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12
Q

Tongue

A

Skeletal muscle, makes floor of oral cavity.

Upper and lateral surfaces have papillae- some tastebuds

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13
Q

Pharynx

A

Skeletal muscle, moistens and warms air. Consists of nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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14
Q

Esophagus

A

Collapsible, muscular tube. Connects Pharynx to stomach

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15
Q

Stomach

A

Secrets gastrin into blood, secretes HCl (kills bacteria and denatures proteins, also secretes pepsin.

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16
Q

Parietal Cell

A

Secrets HCl and intrinsic factor

17
Q

Chief Cell

A

Secretes pepsinogen and gastric lipase

18
Q

Teeth

A

Adapted for mechanical digestion.
Children=20 teeth named by Letter
Old Children-Adults=32 teeth named by number

19
Q

Salivary Glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

20
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids AND sodium bicarbonate which buffers stomach acid

21
Q

Liver

A

makes bile, important in the emulsification of fats

22
Q

Gallbladder

A

stores bile until it is needed. Delivers bile via common bile duct

23
Q

Bilirubin

A

Catabolized old RBCs from Liver and Gallbladder

24
Q

Bile Salt Synthesis

A

Emulsification and absorption of lipids in liver and gallbladder

25
Small Intestine
Majority of absorption and digestion. | Has circular folds to increase surface area
26
Brush Border Enzymes
On surface of microvili, break down food products
27
Salivary Amylase
Starch substrate. Makes di and trisaccharaides
28
Lingual Lipase
Triglyceride substrates. Makes fatty acids and diglycerides
29
Pepsin
Protease: Protein substrate. Makes Peptides
30
Gastric Lipase
Trigylceride substrate. Makes fatty acids AND monoglycerides
31
Trypsin
Protease: In pancreas- protein substrate. Makes peptides.
32
Colon/Large Intestine
Haustral churning (sac churning) absorption of vitamins, ions, amino acids, and H2O
33
Haustral Churning
Distension reaches a certain point and the walls of the haustra contract to squeeze contents onward
34
External vs Internal Anal Sphinchter
External = voluntary
35
Lumen
breaksdown undigested carbs, proteins, and amino acids to be expelled into stool
36
Mucosa
Lubricates. Water absorption and solutes
37
Bile
Helps in emulsification and absorption of lipids
38
Mysentery
Tissues that attach to intestines. Helps with fat storage.