Digestive Flashcards Preview

AP2 LAB > Digestive > Flashcards

Flashcards in Digestive Deck (38)
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1
Q

Ingestion

A

Taking food into mouth

2
Q

Secretion

A

Release of water, acid, buffers, and enzymes into lumen of GI tract

3
Q

Motility

A

Churning and movement of food through GI tract

4
Q

Digestion

A

Mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

5
Q

Absorption

A

Passage of digested products from GI tract into blood and lymph

6
Q

Defecation

A

Elimination of feces from GI tract

7
Q

GI Tract

A

Tube open from mouth to anus for transit of food.

esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum

8
Q

Accessory Structures

A

Not part of GI tract, but contribute to food processing.

Accessory structures include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

9
Q

Bolus

A

Chewed food

10
Q

Chyme

A

Food in the stomach mixed with stomach acids

11
Q

Mouth

A

formed by cheeks, hard & soft palate, and tongue

12
Q

Tongue

A

Skeletal muscle, makes floor of oral cavity.

Upper and lateral surfaces have papillae- some tastebuds

13
Q

Pharynx

A

Skeletal muscle, moistens and warms air. Consists of nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

14
Q

Esophagus

A

Collapsible, muscular tube. Connects Pharynx to stomach

15
Q

Stomach

A

Secrets gastrin into blood, secretes HCl (kills bacteria and denatures proteins, also secretes pepsin.

16
Q

Parietal Cell

A

Secrets HCl and intrinsic factor

17
Q

Chief Cell

A

Secretes pepsinogen and gastric lipase

18
Q

Teeth

A

Adapted for mechanical digestion.
Children=20 teeth named by Letter
Old Children-Adults=32 teeth named by number

19
Q

Salivary Glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

20
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces enzymes that digest carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids AND sodium bicarbonate which buffers stomach acid

21
Q

Liver

A

makes bile, important in the emulsification of fats

22
Q

Gallbladder

A

stores bile until it is needed. Delivers bile via common bile duct

23
Q

Bilirubin

A

Catabolized old RBCs from Liver and Gallbladder

24
Q

Bile Salt Synthesis

A

Emulsification and absorption of lipids in liver and gallbladder

25
Q

Small Intestine

A

Majority of absorption and digestion.

Has circular folds to increase surface area

26
Q

Brush Border Enzymes

A

On surface of microvili, break down food products

27
Q

Salivary Amylase

A

Starch substrate. Makes di and trisaccharaides

28
Q

Lingual Lipase

A

Triglyceride substrates. Makes fatty acids and diglycerides

29
Q

Pepsin

A

Protease: Protein substrate. Makes Peptides

30
Q

Gastric Lipase

A

Trigylceride substrate. Makes fatty acids AND monoglycerides

31
Q

Trypsin

A

Protease: In pancreas- protein substrate. Makes peptides.

32
Q

Colon/Large Intestine

A

Haustral churning (sac churning) absorption of vitamins, ions, amino acids, and H2O

33
Q

Haustral Churning

A

Distension reaches a certain point and the walls of the haustra contract to squeeze contents onward

34
Q

External vs Internal Anal Sphinchter

A

External = voluntary

35
Q

Lumen

A

breaksdown undigested carbs, proteins, and amino acids to be expelled into stool

36
Q

Mucosa

A

Lubricates. Water absorption and solutes

37
Q

Bile

A

Helps in emulsification and absorption of lipids

38
Q

Mysentery

A

Tissues that attach to intestines. Helps with fat storage.