Cardiology

Question 1

2 main causes of SVT

Answer 1

Atrioventricular node re entry tachycardia (AVNRT)

Wolff Parkinson white syndrome (AV re entry via an accessory pathway)

Question 2

What will be seen on the post resolution ECG of someone with WPW syndrome

Answer 2

a short PR interval with a slurred upstroke in the QRS complex (delta) wave

Question 3

Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure

Answer 3

indirect estimate of left atrial pressure (LAP).

Question 4

Chest Xray Pulmonary Hypertension

Answer 4

enlargement of central pulmonary arteries,
attenuation of peripheral vessels
oligemic lung fields
Findings of right ventricular (diminished retrosternal airspace) and right atrial dilatation (prominent right heart border) are possible.

Question 5

ECG Pulmonary Hypertension

Answer 5

revealing right atrial enlargement, right axis deviation, right ventricular hypertrophy, and characteristic ST depression and T-wave inversions in the anterior leads. Sometimes, an incomplete RBBB may be seen (usually in patients with atrial septal defects).

Question 6

Echocardiograph in Pulmonary Hypertension

Answer 6

increased thickness of the right ventricle and paradoxical bulging of the septum into the left ventricle during systole.
In later stages, RV dilatation occurs, leading to RV hypokinesis.
Right atrial dilatation, septal flattening, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonic insufficiency, and mid-systolic closure of the pulmonic valve may develop.

Question 7

Management for pulmonary hypertension

Answer 7

treat underlying disease (if secondary)
oral anticoagulation
calcium channel blockers
vasodilators (prostacyclins) 
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
bosentan (endothelia receptor antagonist) 
lung transplant (definitive treatment)

Question 8

Which antibiotic can cause torsades de pointes

Answer 8

Erythromycin