Cardiology Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
coronary artery most common site of occlusion
A
LAD
2
Q
occlusion of LAD EKG leads
A
V1-V4
3
Q
MAP equation
A
(2/3)DBP + (1/3)SBP
4
Q
Biggest risk factor for AAA
A
smoking
5
Q
lipid lowering agent with SE flushing
A
niacin
6
Q
lipid lowering agent with SE elevated LFTs, myositis
A
statin, fibrates
7
Q
lipid lowering agent with SE GI discomfort, bad taste
A
bile acid sequestrants
8
Q
lipid lowering agent with best effect on HDL
A
niacin
9
Q
lipid lowering agent with best effect on triglycerides
A
fibrates
10
Q
lipid lowering agent with best effect on LDL/cholesterol
A
statin
11
Q
lipid lowering agent which binds c diff toxin
A
cholestyramine
12
Q
NTG function acutely in cardiac ischemic episode
A
peripheral venous dilation, decreased preload and work of heart
13
Q
mechanism of action of streptokinase
A
converts plasminogen to plasmin
14
Q
mechanism of action of aspirin
A
cox 1 and cox 2 inhibitor
15
Q
mechanism of action of clopidogrel
A
ADP receptor blocker
16
Q
mechanism of action of abciximab
A
GP2b/3a inhibitor
17
Q
mechanism of action of tirofiban
A
Gp2b/3a inhibitor
18
Q
mechanism of action of ticlopidine
A
ADP receptor blocker
19
Q
mechanism of action of enoxaparin
A
antithrombin 3 activation
20
Q
mechanism of action of eptifibatide
A
Gp2b/3a inhibitor
21
Q
most common cause of death in patients with acute MI
A
cardiac arrhythmias
22
Q
drug of choice in PSVT
A
adenosine
23
Q
endocrine disorder that causes afib
A
hyperthyroid
24
Q
antiarrhythmic drug avoided in patients with preexisting lung disease
A
amiodarone
25
tx of sustained v tach
cardioversion
26
nl range for ejection fraction
55-75%
27
outpatient tx for chronic CHF
ACEI/ARB
loop diuretics
aldo ant
beta blockers
dig
28
tx for acute exacerbations of CHF
NO LIP
nitrates, o2, loop diuretics, inotropic agents, positioning
29
triptans are contraindicated in:
CAD, prinzmetal angina, pregnancy, sulfa drugs
30
diastolic murmur best heard at left lower sternum that increases inspiration
tricuspid stenosis
31
late diastolic murmur with an opening snap (no change with inspiration)
mitral stenosis
32
systolic murmur best heard in second right interspace, parasternal
aortic stenosis
33
systolic murmur best heard in second left interspace, parasternal
pulmonic stenosis
34
late systolic murmur best heard at apex
MVP
35
diastolic murmur with a widened pulse pressure
aortic regurgitation
36
holosystolic murmur at the left lower sternum that is louder with inspiration
tricuspid regurgitation
37
holosystolic murmur heard at the apex and radiates to the axilla
mitral regurgitation
38
disease with heart failure, DM, elevated LFTs
hemochromatosis
39
most common viruses that cause myocarditis
coxsackie, echo, adeno, EBV, CMV, influ
40
major Jones criteria for acute rheumatic fever
JONES
```
joints
pancarditis, valvular dx
nodules
erythema marginatum
sydenham chorea
```
41
describe janeway lesion, osler node, roth spots, splinter hemorrhages
janeway - painless petechia on palmar surfaces
osler - painful petechia on pads fingers/toes
roth - retinal hemorrhages
splinter hemorrhages - hemorrhages under nails
42
most common cause of secondary HTN
renal disease
43
H causes of pulseless electrical activity
```
hypoxemia
hypoglycemia
hypothermia
hypovolemia
H+
hyper/hypo K
```
44
first line antiHTN with pt with diabetes
ACEI/ARB
45
first line antiHTN with pt with heart failure
beta blocker, ACEi/arb, aldo ant
46
first line antiHTN with pt with BPH
alpha blocker
47
first line antiHTN with pt with LVH
ACEI/ARB
48
first line antiHTN with pt with hyperthyroidism
beta blocker
49
first line antiHTN with pt with osteoporosis
thiazide
50
first line antiHTN with pt with benign essential tremor
beta blocker
51
first line antiHTN with pt with postmenopausal woman
thiazide
52
first line antiHTN with pt with migraines
beta blocker
53
antiHTN drug with SE first dose orthostatic hypotension
alpha blocker
54
antiHTN drug with SE hypertrichosis
minoxidil
55
antiHTN drug with SE dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound HTN
clonidine
56
antiHTN drug with SE bradycardia, impotence, asthma exacerbation
beta blocker
57
antiHTN drug with SE reflex tachy
vasodilators
58
antiHTN drug with SE cough
ACEI
59
antiHTN drug with SE avoid in patients with sulfa allergy
thiazide and loop
60
antiHTN drug with SE angioedema
ACEI
61
antiHTN drug with SE development of drug induced lupus
hydralazine
62
antiHTN drug with SE cyanide tox
nitroprusside
63
beck's triad for cardiac tamponade
decreased BP, distant heart sounds, JVD
64
hypoperfusion and tissue ischemia can lead to what chemical marker abnormality
lactic acid
65
complications can arise from use of vasopressors such as NE in treating shock
ischemia/necrosis of fingers/toes
mesenteric ischemia
renal failure
66
adverse effects of statin use
lab changes
myositis and hepatotoxicity
CPK, LFTs
67
shock causing decreased CO, decreased PCWP, decreased peripheral vascular resistance
anaphylactic or neurogenic shock
68
antiHTN drug with SE increased intracranial pressure
nitroprusside
69
next step in management of pt with DVT with high likelihood of falling
IVC filter
70
preferred placement of swan ganz catheter
right IJ and left subclavian
71
vasculitis with weak pulses in upper extremities
takayasu
72
vasculitis with necrotizing immune complex inflammation of visceral/renal vessels
PAN
73
vasculitis with young male smokers
thromboangiitis obliterans
74
vasculitis with young asian women
takayasu
75
vasculitis with young asthmatics
eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis
76
vasculitis with infants and young children, involving coronary
kawasaki
77
vasculitis with most common vasculitis
temporal arteritis
78
vasculitis with associated hep B infection
PAN
79
vasculitis with occlusion of opthalmic arteryt leading to bliondness, unilateral HA, jaw claudication
temporarl arteritis
80
what structure of fetal circulation closes after birth
ductus venosus, foramen ovale, ductus arterosus, umb vein, umb artery (2)
81
most common congenital heart defect
VSD
82
five cyanotic congenital heart defects
persistent truncus arteriosus
transposition of great vessels
tricuspid atresia
tetralogy of fallot
TAPVR
83
abnormalities associated with tetralogy of Fallot
IHOP
interventricular septal defect (VSD)
RVH
Overriding aorta
pulmnoic stenosis
84
fall in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration indicates?
pulsus paradoxus
85
what causes a short systolic murmur at the cardiac apex that decreases with squatting and is sometimes associated with benign CP that lasts only a few seconds?
MVP
86
which etiology of restrictive cardiomyopathy is pathology reversible with phlebotomy?
hemochromatosis
87
vasodilating effects of NTG
venous dilation
88
vasodilating effects of DHP CCB
dilates veins and arteries
89
vasodilating effects of hydralazine
dilates arteries
90
vasodilating effects of nitroprusside
dilates veins and arteries
91
antihypertensive contraindicated in patients with COPD
non selective beta blockers
92
antihypertensive contraindicated in patients with bilateral renal artery stenosis
ACEI/ARBs
93
antihypertensive contraindicated in patients with pregnancy
ACEI/ARBs
94
antihypertensive contraindicated in patients with advanced renal failure
ACEI/ARBs
95
antihypertensive contraindicated in patients with gout
thiazide and loop diuretic
96
most common cause of hypertension in young women
OCPs
97
heart defect associated with chromosome 22q11 deletion
tetralogy of fallot, truncus arteriosus
98
heart defect associated with trisomy 21
endocardial cushion, tet, PDA
99
heart defect associated with congenital rubella
PDA, pul, artery stenosis
100
heart defect associated with turner syndrome
coarctation of the aorta
101
heart defect associated with marfan syndrome
aortic regurg
102
medical management of peripheral artery disease
smoking cessation, exercise, glucose control, diet, BP control, cilostazol
103
antihypertensive class used for patient with DM
ACEI/ARB
104
antihypertensive class used for patient with heart failure
beta blockers, ACEI/ARB, aldo antagonist
105
antihypertensive class used for patient with BPH
alpha blocker
106
antihypertensive class used for patient with LVH
ACEI/ARB
107
antihypertensive class used for patient with hyperthyroidism
beta blocker
108
antihypertensive class used for patient with osteoporosis
thiazide
109
antihypertensive class used for patient with essential tremor
beta blocker
110
antihypertensive class used for patient with migraines
CCB or beta blocker
111
smoker has rapid onset JVD, facial swelling, and AMS. What is the dx and treatment?
superior vena cava syndrome
tx: steroids, endovascular stent, emergency radiation therapy
112
antihypertensive with side effect first dose orthostatic hypotension
alpha blocker
113
antihypertensive with side effect hypertrichosis
minoxidil
114
antihypertensive with side effect dry mouth, sedation, severe rebound HTN
clonidine
115
antihypertensive with side effect bradycardia, impotence, asthma exacerbation
beta blocker
116
antihypertensive with side effect reflex tachy
vasodilators
117
antihypertensive with side effect cough
ACEI
118
antihypertensive with side effect avoid in patients with sulfa allergy
loop diuretics
119
antihypertensive with side effect angioedema
ACEI
120
antihypertensive with side effect development of drug induced lupus
hydralazine
121
antihypertensive with side effect cyanide toxicity
sodium nitroprusside
122
classic findings of HSP?
palpable purpura on lower extremities
GI sx
Renal dx
transient arthritis/arthralgia
123
Most likely cause of aortic stenosis in a 50 year old patient?
congenital bicuspid aortic valve
124
Type of heart murmur that diastolic murmur heard best in left lower sternum that increases with inspiration
tricuspid stenosis
125
Type of heart murmur that late diastolic murmur with an opening snap (no change with inspiration)
mitral stenosis
126
Type of heart murmur that systolic murmur heard best in the second right interspace
aortic stenosis
127
Type of heart murmur that systolic murmur heard best in second left interspace
pulmonic stenosis
128
Type of heart murmur that late systolic murmur heard best at the apex
mitral valve prolapse
129
Type of heart murmur that diastolic murmur with a widened pulse pressure
aortic regurg
130
Type of heart murmur that holosystolic murmur that is louder with inspiration at the left lower sternum
tricuspid regurg
131
Type of heart murmur that holosystolic murmur heard at the apex and radiates to the axilla
mitral regurg
132
JONES criteria for rheumatic fever?
JONES
```
joints
endocarditis
nodules
erythema marginatum
sydenham chorea
```
133
IV drug user has JVD and a holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. What is the diagnosis? What is the treatment?
tricuspid regurg
vanc, heart failure tx, replace valve
