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Step 2 CK > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

2 most common locations of aneurysms in the circle of willis

A

ACA and PCA

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2
Q

spinal cord lesion with fasciculations and spastic paralysis

A

ALS

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3
Q

spinal cord lesion with impaired proprioception and pupils do not react to light

A

tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis)

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4
Q

spinal cord lesion with bilateral loss of pain and temp below the lesion and hand weakness

A

syringomyelia

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5
Q

spinal cord lesion with bilateral loss of vibration sense and spastic paralysis of legs then arms

A

B12 deficiency

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6
Q

spinal cord lesion bilateral loss of pain/temp below lesion and bilateral spastic paralysis below lesion and bilateral flaccid paralysis at level of lesion

A

ant spinal artery syndrome

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7
Q

lesion causing contralateral hemiballismus

A

subthalamic nucleus

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8
Q

lesion causing hemispatial neglect syndrome

A

non dominant parietal

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9
Q

lesion causing poor comprehension

A

wernicke

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10
Q

lesion causing poor vocal expression

A

broca

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11
Q

lesion causing personality changes

A

frontal brain

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12
Q

lesion causing agraphia and acalculia

A

dominant parietal

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13
Q

where does dorsal column, lateral corticospinal and spinothalamic tract decussate/cross over

A

medulla

medullary pyramids

ant commissure

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14
Q

artery infarct causing aphasia

A

MCA

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15
Q

features of brown sequard

A

ipsi motor weakness, vibration, touch, spastic, flaccid weakness

contra pain/temp

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16
Q

tx for fungal meningitis

A

amphotericin B

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17
Q

tx for TB meningitis

A

RIPE

rifampin
isoniazid
pyrazinamide
ethambutol

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18
Q

berry aneurysm location

A

ACA and PCA

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19
Q

other drug with abx to patient suspected of having bacterial meningitis

A

dexamethasone

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20
Q

viral meningitis with temporal lobe lesion

A

HSV encephalitis

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21
Q

features of reye syndrome

A

brain and liver issues with hypoglycemia

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22
Q

dx of progressive muscle weakness, good sensation, HA, vomiting, neck pain, fever. CSF shows increased lymph, gluc and protein nl.

A

polio

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23
Q

antihypertensive for patient with migraine and anti HTN

A

CCB or beta blocker

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24
Q

lesion leading to coma

A

reticular activation system

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25
antiplatelet medications used after TIA
clopidogrel and aspirin/dipyridamole
26
four common sequelae of meningitis in children
1. hearing loss 2. intellectual disability 3. seizure 4. spastic paralysis
27
dx of single ring enhancing brain lesion in a patient with seizures
brain abscess
28
first line treatment for trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine
29
cause of epidural hematoma
rupture of middle meningeal artery
30
cause of subdural hematoma
rupture of bridging veins
31
BP goal for ischemic stroke and medications
less than 220/120 labetalol, nicardipine, NO nitroprusside
32
BP goal for intracerebral hemorrhage
less than 140-160 labetalol, nitroprusside
33
BP goal for SAH
less than 150 labetalol, nimodipine, NO nitroprusside
34
AIDS patient with meningitis, what preparation should be ordered in addition to CSF analysis, gram stain, culture
india ink
35
drug of choice for absence seizures
ethosuximide
36
lesion in parkinson disease
substantia nigra
37
lesion in huntington disease
caudate atrophy
38
tx of parkinson disease
levodopa/carbidopa
39
tx of huntington disease
tetrabenzene, antipsych
40
EMG of ALS
muscular denervation motor block
41
tx for ALS
riluzole
42
med to decrease relapses in patients with MS
IFN beta glatiramer
43
tx of alzheimer disease
donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine
44
dementia + visual hallucinations and frequent falls
lewy body dementia
45
dementia + inappropriate disinhibited social behavior and personality changes
frontotemporal dementia
46
test for myasthenia gravis
tensilon test
47
association with myasthenia gravis
thymus problem
48
association with lambert eaton
small cell lung CA
49
tx of GBS
plasmapharesis or IVIG
50
tx for benign essential tremor
propranolol, benzos, primidone
51
EEG pattern of absence seizures
3 Hz spike and wave
52
Mets to brain
Lots of Bad Stuff Kill Glia ``` lung breast skin kidney GI ```
53
neurofibromatosis type 1 - characteristics
cafe au lait spots, iris hamartomas, optic gliomas, freckling, neurofibroma
54
tx of RLS and mechanism of action
pramiprexole, dopamine agonist
55
EEG waveform with stages of sleep
Thirsty Bats Drink Blood ``` awake - beta awake, relaxed - alpha stage N1 - theta stage N2 - sleep spindles/k complexes stage N3 - delta REM - beta ```
56
benzos increase which stage and decrease which stages?
increase N2, decrease N3 and REM
57
2 most common brain tumors in adults, 3 primary brain tumors in children
glioblastoma, meningioma astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma
58
intact brainstem eye devates toward or away from cold water
devation towards cold water
59
elbows in decorticate posturing
flexing
60
definitive treatment of persistent hydrocephalus
shunt
61
CSF findings in SAH
increased RBC in all 4 tubes, increased opening pressure, xanthochromia
62
young child has loss of red light reflex, what dx
leukocoria leads to retinoblastoma
63
lesion of right optic tract causes
left homonymous hemianopia
64
horner syndrome sx and cause
ptosis, meiosis, anhidrosis pancoast tumor
65
diseases associated with anterior uveitis
PAIR psoriatic arthritis ankylosing spondylitis IBD reactive arthritis juv idio arthritis behcet sarcoid kawasake
66
5 main lacunar syndromes from infarct
``` pure motor pure sens sensorimotor ataxic hemiparesis dysarthria clumsy hand ```
67
complaint of retinal detachment
trouble seeing, painless floaters shade/curtain over 1 eye
68
acute angle closure glaucoma
painful, N/V, frontal HA, blurred vision, rock hard eye
69
exam finding in open angle glaucoma
increased IOP, increased cup to disc ratio > 50%
70
underlying cause of BPPV
dislodged otolith in ear
71
Weber test, what are positive finding?
lateralizes to opp ear in sensorineural lateralizes to ispsi ear in conductive
72
sx of meniere's disease
tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss
73
lesion in patient with hyperphagia, hyperorality, hypersexuality
kluver bucy syndrome amygdala
74
crescent shaped lesion
subdural hematoma
75
tracts conveying which information - touch, vibration, pressure - voluntary motor command from motor cortex to body - voluntary from motor cortex to head/neck - pain and temp - personal adjustments and head movements
- dorsal columns - corticopsinal - corticobulbar tracts - spinothalamic - vestibulospinal tract
76
sx of basilar artery stroke
CN abnormalities, AMS/coma, vertigo, contra full body weakness, sens deficit
77
tx of intracranial hypertension
acetazolamide
78
what is todd's paralysis
post ictal hemiparesis lasting about 15 hours
79
patient presents with ptosis and diplopia that worsens throughout the day, underlying problem?
myasthenia gravis abd to AchR at NMJ
80
most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss most common cause of conductive hearing loss
presbycusis otosclerosis
81
most common complication of recurrent otitis media
hearing loss
82
physical signs of cholesteatoma
grayish white pearly lesion behind TM
83
pattern of vision loss for glaucoma
periph to central vision loss
84
pattern of vision loss for macular def
central to periph vision loss
85
lung ca and muscle weakness diagnosis
lambert eaton syndrome
86
child with acute onset ear pain reveals large, reddish vesicles on TM. Dx, organism, tx?
bullous myringitis mycoplasma macrolides
87
Treatment for acute angle-closure glaucoma?
acetazolamide, mannitol, beta blocker, alpha adrenergic, prostaglandins, cholinergic agonists
88
Differential diagnosis for the dislocation of the lens of the eye?
Marfan, homocystinuria, alport syndrome
89
treatment for macular degen?
vit c, vit e, beta carotene, cu, zinc
90
treatment for retinal detachment
laser photocoag, cryotherapy

Step 2 CK (16 decks)

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