Cardiomyopathies (HF pt 2) highlights

Question 1

Hypertrophy and dilated chambers pathology with specific known cardiovascular cause – HTN, VHD, CHD, and coronary ischemia are excluded from the term cardiomyopathy, and are instead called what?

Answer 1

HF

Question 2

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM): What is the inheritance pattern?

Answer 2

Autosomal dominant

Question 3

Most common cause of cardiac sudden death in young patients is what?

Answer 3

HCM

Question 4

HCM: What type of murmur is typical?

Answer 4

Pre-load dependent murmur

Question 5

Murmur of HoCM:
1) How would upright posture/valsalva maneuver present?
2) How would squatting present?

Answer 5

1) Increases outflow obstruction and murmur intensity
2) Decreases subaortic obstruction and murmur intensity

Question 6

Aortic stenosis murmur:
1) What would Standing up/Valsalva present as?
2) What would squatting present as?

Answer 6

1) Decrease murmur intensity
2) Increased murmur intensity

Question 7

List some EKG changes that may be seen in HCM

Answer 7

1) LAD
2) Voltage criteria LVH
3) Will be LVH or normal

Question 8

HCM:
1) What is the first line Tx for symptomatic patients? Why?
2) What is the second line?

Answer 8

1) B blockers
2) Nondihydropyridine CCB (diltiazem or verapamil)

Question 9

DCM:
1) Enlarged ventricles, normal to thin wall thickness, and __________ dysfunction
2) Think _________

Answer 9

1) systolic
2) HFrEF

Question 10

DCM: 25-35% familial ____________ pattern
Most common non-genetic = chronic _____________

Answer 10

1) autosomal
2) alcoholism

Question 11

List 2 treatments of DCM

Answer 11

BB
ACEi or ARB

Question 12

slide 83

Answer 12

Defined by physiologic function rather than anatomic (HCM or DCM)
Myocardium infiltrated with abnormal tissue leading to fibrosis, wall stiffness, increased diastolic pressure, leading to reduced preload (diastolic dysfunction) – think HFpEF

Question 13

Diffuse reduced voltage on EKG may be seen in what?

Answer 13

Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 14

Define Peripartum CM

Answer 14

LV systolic dysfunction third trimester of pregnancy on into postpartum; usually presents first month PP

Question 15

Peripartum CM: What will an echo show? (3 things)

Answer 15

1) LV dilation
2) LV systolic dysfunction
3) Pulmonary HTN (type 2)

Question 16

Stress CM or Takotsubo CM (broken heart syndrome): What will an echo show?

Answer 16

Unique pattern of apical ballooning of the LV

Question 17

True or false:
Lots of conditions have heart complications

Answer 17

True