Cardiovascular Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the mediastinum and pericardium?
Where the heart is located and what surrounds the heart
What is the epicardium?
It is the outermost layer of the wall that contains blood vessels that nourish the heart
What is the myocardium?
A layer if cardiac muscle which provides force for contraction of the heart
What is the endocardium?
The inner layer of the heart which lines the 4 chambers of the heart
What are the chambers of the heart?
2 atria receive blood from veins
2 ventricles pump blood to arteries
The arterial septum divides
The inter ventricular septum
What are the valves of the heart?
They allow blood flow in one direction through the heart
The 2 are the atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves
What are atrioventricular valves?
They allow flow from the atria to the ventricles and prevent back flow
The tricuspid valve
The bicuspid valve
The chordae tendinae
What are semilunar valves?
They are at the base of blood vessels and attached to ventricles
The pulmonary semilunar valve
The aortic semilunar valve
What is the order of blood flow through the heart?
- From the inferior and superior vena cava to the right atrium
- Through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle
- Forced through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary trunk
- From the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary arteries
- Travels to the lungs (CO2 gone, O2 in)
- Returns from the lung to the heart through 4 pulmonary veins to the left atrium
- Through the tricuspid valve to the left ventricle
- Through the aortic valve to the aorta
- From the aorta to the rest of the body
- Return to the heart and repeat at step 1
What is the pulmonary circuit?
The right side of the heart
What is the systemic circuit?
The left side of the heart
What is the cardiac conduction system?
Cardiac muscle is auto rhythmic
1. Electrical impulses start at the sinoarterial (SA) node
2. To the right atria to the atrioventricular (AV) node
3. To the AV bundle
4. bundle branches
5. Purjunke fibres
What is the cardiac cycle?
One complete contraction and relaxation of the heart
1. Arterial systole (SA node fires, arterial contract together, volume decrease, pressure increase)
2. Atrial diastole (arterial repolarize together, atria relax, pressure higher in sup and inf venae cavae and pulmonary veins than atria)
3. Ventricular systole (impulse through AV node to Purjunke fibre, ventricular depolarize)
4. Ventricular diastole ( ventricle repolarize and relax)
What is an electrocardiogram?
A diagnostic test to record the hearts electrical activity during a cardiac cycle
Has P,Q,R,S,T waves
What he’s the cardiac output?
The amount of blood ejected by each ventricle of the heart each minute depends on the heart rate (HR), BPM, and stroke volume (SV)
CO=HRXSV
What is the cardiac reserve?
The difference between the resting cardiac output and the maximum cardiac output
What is the heart rate?
It’s measured by feeling the pulse (64-80BPM)
How is heart regulation done?
By autonomic nervous system and chronotropic factors
What are the chronotropic factors of the ANS?
The medulla oblongata
Proprioceptors
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
What are arteries?
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart and to the capillaries
What are capillaries?
Vessels that allow for exchange if materials between blood and tissue
What are veins?
Vessels that deliver blood from capillaries back to the heart
What is the structure of arteries and veins?
Tunica externa (provide support/elasticity)
Tunica media (causes changes in blood vessel diameter)
Tunica interna
What are conducting arteries?
The largest artery
Withstand high pressure generated by ventricular systole
Pulmonary arteries, aorta, common corated artery
