Urinary System Flashcards
What is excretion?
The removal of metabolic waste from the body
What are the nitrogenous waste?
Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine
What are the roles of the kidneys?
Excretion of waste through urine
Regulation of blood volume
Delivery of urine from the body
Control of urine production
What are the 3 layers of the kidney?
The renal capsule
The renal cortex
The renal medulla (pyramids are located here)
What do calyces do?
Collect urine from pyramids and deliver it to the renal pelvis
What is the renal sinus?
The space occupied by the renal artery, renal vein, and renal pelvis
What is a nephron?
It has 2 basic parts
Renal corpuscule
Renal tubule
What is the renal corpuscle?
Is composed of the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule
What is the renal tubule?
Is composed of the proximal and distal convoluted tubule and nephron loop
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Located between the afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule
What is the flow of urine through the nephron?
Glomerular capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Nephron loop
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Minor calyx
What is the renal nephron blood flow?
Renal artery
Smaller arteries
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Peritubilar capillaries
Larger veins
Renal veins
Exit kidneys
What does expelled urine contain?
Water
Nitrogenous waste
Excess hydrogen ions
What is filtration?
Happens in the renal corpuscle
Materials move from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule by filtration
What is reabsorption?
It happens along the renal tubule
Materials move from tubules to peritubular capillaries
What is secretion?
Happens along the renal tubule
Materials move from peritubular capillaries to tubules
What is the percentage of water in the body?
65% intracellular
35% extra cellular
What are the hormones that controls urine volume and concentration?
ADH, aldosterone,
ANH
What do diuretics do?
Increase urine production
Where and what are ureters?
They’re retroperitoneal
Deliver urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder
Go posterior to bladder and enter bladder at base
What is the urinary bladder?
A storage sac with smooth muscle walls
What is the trigone?
Triangular part of the bladder floor
Defined by openings to ureters and urethra
What does the urethra do?
Delivers urine from urinary bladder to outside
What is micturation?
Passing of urine
