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Anatomy > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is excretion?

A

The removal of metabolic waste from the body

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2
Q

What are the nitrogenous waste?

A

Ammonia
Urea
Uric acid
Creatinine

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3
Q

What are the roles of the kidneys?

A

Excretion of waste through urine
Regulation of blood volume
Delivery of urine from the body
Control of urine production

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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of the kidney?

A

The renal capsule
The renal cortex
The renal medulla (pyramids are located here)

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5
Q

What do calyces do?

A

Collect urine from pyramids and deliver it to the renal pelvis

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6
Q

What is the renal sinus?

A

The space occupied by the renal artery, renal vein, and renal pelvis

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7
Q

What is a nephron?

A

It has 2 basic parts
Renal corpuscule
Renal tubule

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8
Q

What is the renal corpuscle?

A

Is composed of the glomerulus and the glomerular capsule

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9
Q

What is the renal tubule?

A

Is composed of the proximal and distal convoluted tubule and nephron loop

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10
Q

What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

Located between the afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole and distal convoluted tubule

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11
Q

What is the flow of urine through the nephron?

A

Glomerular capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Nephron loop
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Minor calyx

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12
Q

What is the renal nephron blood flow?

A

Renal artery
Smaller arteries
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Peritubilar capillaries
Larger veins
Renal veins
Exit kidneys

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13
Q

What does expelled urine contain?

A

Water
Nitrogenous waste
Excess hydrogen ions

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14
Q

What is filtration?

A

Happens in the renal corpuscle
Materials move from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule by filtration

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15
Q

What is reabsorption?

A

It happens along the renal tubule
Materials move from tubules to peritubular capillaries

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16
Q

What is secretion?

A

Happens along the renal tubule
Materials move from peritubular capillaries to tubules

17
Q

What is the percentage of water in the body?

A

65% intracellular
35% extra cellular

18
Q

What are the hormones that controls urine volume and concentration?

A

ADH, aldosterone,
ANH

19
Q

What do diuretics do?

A

Increase urine production

20
Q

Where and what are ureters?

A

They’re retroperitoneal
Deliver urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder
Go posterior to bladder and enter bladder at base

21
Q

What is the urinary bladder?

A

A storage sac with smooth muscle walls

22
Q

What is the trigone?

A

Triangular part of the bladder floor
Defined by openings to ureters and urethra

23
Q

What does the urethra do?

A

Delivers urine from urinary bladder to outside

24
Q

What is micturation?

A

Passing of urine

25
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A

Removal of metabolic waste
Maintenance of body fluid and electrolyte balance
Maintenance of body’s acid base balance
Regulation of blood pressure

Anatomy (9 decks)

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