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Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy and physiology

A

The body’s structures and how they work together to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

What does the sagittal plans divide?

A

The left and right sides of the body

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3
Q

What is the femoral region?

A

The thigh

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4
Q

Where is the diaphragm in relation to the lungs?

A

Inferior

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5
Q

If the patient is on their ventral plane are they prone or supine?

A

Prone

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6
Q

What do protein function in?

A

Transport
strength
Fighting foreign invaders
They do not store energy

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7
Q

What are the types of passive transport?

A

Filtration
Osmosis
Simple diffusion

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8
Q

What type of transport is endocytosis?

A

Active transport

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9
Q

What is an infarction?

A

Sudden death of tissue due to loss of blood supply

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10
Q

What type of muscle is striated and involuntary?

A

Cardiac muscle

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11
Q

What is the function of neuroglial cells?

A

Protection and support

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12
Q

What layers is the skin composed of?

A

Epidermis
Dermis

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13
Q

What is the feature of the dermis that creates fingerprints?

A

Papillae

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14
Q

What is the function of sebaceous glands?

A

To produce sebum

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15
Q

What is the function of sweat?

A

To cool the body

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16
Q

What is a partial thickness burn also known as?

A

A second degree burn

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17
Q

What is the proximal long bone of the arm?

A

The humerus

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18
Q

What are osteoclasts?

A

Cells that break down bone

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19
Q

What part of the sternum can be broken during CPR?

A

The xiphoid process

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20
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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21
Q

What are the abnormal curvatures of the spine?

A

Scoliosis
Lordosis
Kyphosis

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22
Q

What is supination?

A

The action of holding a bowl of soup

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23
Q

Where is the orbicularis Oris muscle?

A

Around the mouth

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24
Q

What are the muscles of the thorax and abdomen?

A

Diaphragm
Pectoralis major
Erectus abdominus

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25
What is the action of making a circle with a part of the body?
Circumduction
26
What is the action of standing on your toes with heels off the floor?
Plantar flexion
27
What is the type of contraction where you push against a door that will not open?
Isometric contraction
28
What does myelination of the axon allow?
For an action potential to travel quickly
29
What does the choroid plexus produce?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
30
What type of neutron in a reflex carry the action potential to the CNS?
Afferent Neurons
31
What is at the end of each axon?
Synaptic knob
32
What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?
Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system
33
What is the type of receptor for vision?
Photoreceptor
34
What part of the ear are the ossicles part of?
The middle ear
35
What do mechanoreceptors detect?
Pressure
36
What does olfaction refer to?
The sense of smell
37
What is swimmers ear?
An infection of the outer ear
38
What is the target tissue for the hypothalamus?
The anterior pituitary gland
39
What is the main function of the thyroid hormone?
Increase metabolic rate
40
What type of messenger is used in the endocrine system?
Hormones
41
What does the pineal gland secrete?
Melatonin
42
What does the hormone oxytocin stimulate?
Uterine contractions Release if milk
43
How many O2 molecules associate with one hemoglobin
4
44
What happens to monocytes with chronic infection?
They increase in number
45
Why is iron important in the blood?
Because it allows hemoglobin to transport O2
46
What is coagulation?
Blood clotting
47
What are thrombocytes?
Platelets
48
The heartbeat is started by what node?
The sinoarterial node (SA)
49
What are the smallest blood vessels?
The capillaries
50
What is diastole?
Relaxation of the heart
51
Where does the blood go after the left ventricle?
Travels through the aorta
52
What is the function of eosinophils?
To attack worm parasites
53
What type of immunity results from vaccination?
Artificial active immunity
54
What does a vaccine stimulate?
A primary immune response
55
What is lymph similar to?
Plasma
56
What type of B cell remembers pathogens?
B memory cells
57
What is gas exchange influenced by?
Concentration of gas Membrane area and thickness Solubility of the gas
58
What is a pneumothorax?
Air in the pleural cavity Lungs tend to collapse
59
What is the pH of blood?
Between 7.35-7.45
60
What is respiration adjusted by?
The medulla oblongata
61
What is spirometry used for?
To measure lung volume Measure lung capacity
62
What is sleep apnea?
Breathing that repeatedly stops and starts during sleep
63
What are the cells that produce HCl?
Parietal cells
64
What is mastication?
Process of chewing
65
What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
Protects the stomach walls
66
What structure is part of the respiratory and digestive system?
The pharynx
67
What cells secrete alkaline mucus?
Mucus cells
68
What is a diuretic?
Something that increases urine production
69
What does caffeine do?
Acts as a diuretic that increases blood flow to the kidneys
70
How does the liver function in the urinary system?
It removes bilirubin
71
What is micturation?
Passing of urine
72
What drives filtration in the kidneys?
Blood pressure
73
What is the scrotum?
A sac that houses the testes
74
What is a diagnostic blood test for males?
PSA
75
What structure stores mature sperm?
Epididymis
76
Does testosterone increase or decrease with age?
Decreases
77
What is the purpose of the acrosome cap on sperm?
So enzymes can be released and used to penetrate the egg
78
What layer in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and contracts?
The myometrium
79
When is the menstrual phase?
Day 1-5
80
When does ovulation occur?
Around day 14
81
What produces hot flashes?
Diminished levels of progesterone and estrogen
82
What systems do ovaries belong to?
The endocrine and reproductive systems

Anatomy (9 decks)

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