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human physiology > cardiovascular > Flashcards

cardiovascular Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

cardiac output in moderate exercise

A

12.5 L/min

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2
Q

CO at rest

A

5 L/min

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3
Q

maximal CO in exercise

A

25-30 L/min

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4
Q

CO equation

A

HR x StV

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5
Q

venous return effect on CO

A

increase

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6
Q

increase in SNS activity on CO

A

increased activity increases HR which increases CO

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7
Q

exercise effect on PNS and CO

A

PNS inhibited, HR increase

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8
Q

how does cardiac hypertrophy develop

A

prolonged exercise, left ventricle is larger so StV increases

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9
Q

what is the inner layer of the arteriole called

A

tunica intima

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10
Q

what is the middle layer of the arteriole called

A

tunica media

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11
Q

what is the outer layer of the arteriole called

A

tunica externa

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12
Q

constant flow rate equation

A

blood flow velocity x cross-sectional area

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13
Q

what does flow (Q) refer to

A

vol of fluid passing a given cross sectional area of vessel per unit time

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14
Q

poiseulles law

A

flow is proportional to vessel radius, and difference in inflow and outflow pressure but its inversely proportional to length of vessel and velocity of blood

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15
Q

peripheral resistance equation

A

pressure difference / Q

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16
Q

autorythmic cells

A

the cells of the heart that act as a pacemaker

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17
Q

SAN

A
  1. 8mm long 2mm thick
  2. fast firing cells
  3. NO RESTING POTENTIAL
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18
Q

phase 0 of SAN

A

upstroke of AP less steep than myocyte

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19
Q

phase 3 of SAN

A

plateau not sustained

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20
Q

phase 4 of SAN

A

membrane potential deviates from K+ equilibrium potential

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21
Q

3 factors affecting StV

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. End diastolic volume
  2. Aortic pressure
  3. contractality
22
Q

5 things affecting HR

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. intrinsic rate
  2. SNS
  3. PNS
  4. hormones
  5. extra and intracellular ions
23
Q

what is systolic blood pressure

Study These Flashcards
A

force exerted onto the walls of arteries by the heart when it beats

24
Q

what determines the systolic blood pressure

Study These Flashcards
A

aortic elasticity (increases it)

25
what is diastolic blood pressure
arterial pressure when heart not beating - determined by peripheral resistence
26
StV equation
end diastolic vol - end systolic vol
27
pulse pressure equation
systolic BP - Diastolic BP
28
mean BP equation
Diastolic BP + 1/3 pulse pressure
29
Q equation
mean BP/ total peripheral resistance
30
factor affecting peripheral resistance
blood vessel radius
31
Mean BP equation
CO x TPR
32
PNS control of BP
ACh binds to M receptors and decreases HR
33
SNS control of BP
NA binds to b-adrenoceptors and increases HR and force
34
alpha 1 and 2 adrenoceptors on vasculature
NA binds and causes vasoconstriction
35
beta 2 adrenoceptros on vasculature
NA binds and causes vasodilation
36
baroreceptors on BP
in carotid arteries - sense changes in transmural pressure
37
clinical hypertension
defined as a rise in arterial pressure which is significant enough to raise instance of stroke, heart attack/failure
38
essential hypertension
no cause, significant risk
39
secondary hypertension
renal disease, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy and drug use
40
what pharmacological intervention reduces BP by reducing TPR via vasodilation
Ca2+ channel blockers
41
what pharmacological intervention reduces BP by reducing TPR via vasoconstriction
alpha adrenoceptors, angiotensin II
42
what pharmacological intervention reduces BP by reducing CO
diuretics, beta 1 and 2 adrenoceptor antagonists
43
phentolamine
non selective alpha adrenoceptor antagonist
44
phentolamine side effects
postural hypertension, high HR and cold extremeties
45
angiotensin II
pepide with activity in vasculature, kidneys and adrenal cortex
46
angiotensin II in adernal cortex
acts on zona glomerulosa cells, stimulating aldosterone secretion and synthesis
47
bradykinin
vasodilator
48
what is a pro of AT1 receptor antagonists
they block angiotensin II without effecting bradykinin
49
what do ca2+ channel blockers do
inhibit voltage-mediated Ca2+ channels on vascular smooth muscle
50
what is the effect of Ca2+ channel blockers on BP
increase vasodilation so decrease BP
51
where are beta 1 receptors found
heart
52
where are beta 2 receptors found
lungs and blood vessels

human physiology (15 decks)

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