Cardiovascular

Question 1

Central crushing chest pain radiating to the arm, neck or jaw, that is exacerbated by exercise and relieved with rest

Answer 1

Stable angina

RF - Advancing age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, males

Question 2

Central crushing chest pain radiating to the arm, neck or jaw that may occur at rest. Pain might be worsening.

Answer 2

Acute coronary syndrome

RF - Advancing age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, males

Question 3

Sudden severe tearing chest/back pain, syncope

Answer 3

Aortic dissection

RF - Marfan syndrome, Ehler-Danlos syndrome, smoking, hypertension

Question 4

Sharp pleuritic chest pain that is made better on leaning forward

Answer 4

Pericarditis

Main cause - viral infection by COXSACKIE virus

Dressler syndrome - Pericarditis post MI

Question 5

Sudden epigastric pain radiating to the back, palpable pulsatile abdominal mass

Answer 5

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (ruptured)

RF - Old men who smoke, marfan’s, ehler danlos

Question 6

Raised JVP, hepatomegaly, ascites, peripheral oedema

Answer 6

Right sided heart failure

Question 7

Orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, bibasal crackles

Answer 7

Left sided heart failure

Pulmonary oedema

Question 8

Sudden onset dyspnoea and pleuritic chest pain, haemoptysis

Answer 8

Pulmonary embolism

with evidence of DVT

Question 9

syncope, sob, chest pain, dizziness

Answer 9

Cardiac tamponade

Increased JVP

Question 10

SOB, fatigue, palpitations

Answer 10

atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter

Question 11

Syncope, dizziness, fatigue, sob

Answer 11

Heart block

(Chest pain in 2nd and 3rd degree heart block)

Question 12

Unilateral calf swelling that is warm and red

Answer 12

Deep vein thrombosis

Question 13

Intermittent claudication (pain on walking that is made better by resting), skin changes and ulcers

Answer 13

Peripheral arterial disease

6Ps - acute limb ischemia

Question 14

Fever, sweating, headache, splinter haemorrhage, osler nodes

Answer 14

Infective endocarditis

IVDU + prosthetic valve –> S.aureus
Poor dental hygiene –>. S.viridans

Question 15

Previous sore throat, polyarthralgia, involuntary movement of the limbs

Answer 15

Rheumatic fever

RF - post strep infection
Sydenham’s chorea
Mitral stenosis

Question 16

Blurry vision, headache, possible fever

Answer 16

Malignant hypertension

Question 17

Syncope, angina, exertional dyspnoea

Answer 17

Aortic stenosis

Question 18

Dyspnoea, fatigue, pallor, head bobbing

Answer 18

Aortic regurgitation

Question 19

Malar flush, orthopnea, dyspnoea

Answer 19

Mitral stenosis

Question 20

Dyspnoea and fatigue (heart murmur)

Answer 20

Mitral regurgitation

(to be fair its any of the heart murmurs)