Cardiovascular Flashcards
(25 cards)
To close the ductus arteriorsus, we use …… . To keep it patent, we use …….
prostoglandin inhibitor, like indomethacin
- prostoglandin analogs (like in case of transposition of great vessels, where a patent ductus is beneficial)
- Ductus arteriosus runs between the left pulmonary artery & the aorta
In contrast to arteries, veins have more ….. in their layers
collagen
* Arteries have elastin & smooth muscles
The thickest layer in veins is ……
the adventitia
Describe the layers of large veins
- intima, surrounded by thin elastic layer
- media, may or may not be present, contain circular smooth muscles
- adventitia is the thickest layer, with smooth muscles & longitudinal collagen fibers
The mediastinum is divided into upper & lower parts by passing a line through …….
T4
The pericardium is ……..
tough double layered membrane, made up of outer fibrous layer, and inner serous layer
* The serous is divided into parietal (fused to fibrous) & visceral (epicardium)
What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum?
- Thoracic aorta
- Esophagus
- Thoracic duct
- Azygos system of veins
- Sympathetic trunks
The azygos vein arise from …….., while the hemiazygos vein arise from …….
posterior aspect of the IVC
left renal vein
* The azygos vein arches over the root of the right lung & drains into the SVC
* The azygos vein receives blood from hemiazygos & other tributaries.
The lienorenal ligament contains ……
the tail of the pancreas & splenic A & V
What is the order of contents in the posterior mediastinum (from vertebral column forward)?
- Sympathetic trunks (paravertebral)
- Thoracic aorta (next to vertebra, on the left)
- Azygos vein (next to vertebra, on the right)
- Thoracic duct (front of vertebra, behind esophagus)
- Rt. recurrent laryngeal N. between esophagus & trachea
The SVC is formed by ……. behind …..
Lt. & Rt. brachiocephalic veins
right first costal cartilage
* Originally, from fusion of Rt. anterior cardinal vein & Rt. common cardinal vein
The superior border of the heart is formed by …
Rt. & Lt. atria, and the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle
Sinus venosus gives rise to ……
- Rt. horn: forms the sinus venarum (the smooth part of Rt. Atrium. Separated by crista terminalis from the rest of the atrium)
- Lt. horn: forms the coronary sinus
What is the number of pulmonary veins?
4
Tuberculae carneae are ……
muscular (myocardial) ridges in the ventricles
Dysphagis may be caused by …….
pressure from the left atrium, due to enlargement from mitral insufficiency
* The Lt. atrium is the most posterior wall of the heart, while the Rt. is the most anterior wall
The pulmonary infundibulum & aortic vestibule are both derived from ……
bulbus cordis
The cardiac plexus is a formed by ……
combination of sympathetic & parasympathetic nerves
The abdominal aorta passes the diaphragm at the level of …..
T12 (throught the aortic orifice)
* It ends at L4 (level of common iliac arteries & median sacral artery))
The abdominal aorta has three paired visceral branches, which are …….
gonadal, renal, middle suprarenal arteries
The abdominal aorta has 5 paired parietal branches, which are ……
- pair of inf. phrenic arteries
2. 4 pairs of lumbar arteries
The IVC begins at the level of …….
It passes the diaphragm at the level of …..
L5 (from union of common iliac veins)
T8 (through the caval orifice)
Right gonadal vein drains into …….., while the left drains into …….
IVC
left renal vein
* The same goes for the Rt. & Lt. suprarenal veins
* Left renal vein is longer than the right
Hepatic veins are two groups, upper which drains ……., and lower which drains …..
left lobe & quadrate (three in number)
right lobe & caudate
